res_pjsip_authenticator_digest.c

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/*
 * Asterisk -- An open source telephony toolkit.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013, Digium, Inc.
 *
 * Mark Michelson <mmichelson@digium.com>
 *
 * See http://www.asterisk.org for more information about
 * the Asterisk project. Please do not directly contact
 * any of the maintainers of this project for assistance;
 * the project provides a web site, mailing lists and IRC
 * channels for your use.
 *
 * This program is free software, distributed under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License Version 2. See the LICENSE file
 * at the top of the source tree.
 */
 
#include "asterisk.h"
 
#include <pjsip.h>
 
#include "asterisk/res_pjsip.h"
#include "asterisk/logger.h"
#include "asterisk/module.h"
#include "asterisk/strings.h"
#include "asterisk/test.h"
 
/*** MODULEINFO
    <depend>pjproject</depend>
    <depend>res_pjsip</depend>
    <support_level>core</support_level>
 ***/
 
static char default_realm[AST_SIP_AUTH_MAX_REALM_LENGTH + 1];
 
AO2_GLOBAL_OBJ_STATIC(entity_id);
 
/*!
 * \brief Determine if authentication is required
 *
 * Authentication is required if the endpoint has at least one auth
 * section specified
 */
static int digest_requires_authentication(struct ast_sip_endpoint *endpoint, pjsip_rx_data *rdata)
{
    RAII_VAR(struct ast_sip_endpoint *, artificial, ast_sip_get_artificial_endpoint(), ao2_cleanup);
 
    return endpoint == artificial || AST_VECTOR_SIZE(&endpoint->inbound_auths) > 0;
}
 
static void auth_store_cleanup(void *data)
{
    struct ast_sip_auth **auth = data;
 
    ao2_cleanup(*auth);
    ast_free(data);
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Thread-local storage for \ref ast_sip_auth
 *
 * The PJSIP authentication API is a bit annoying. When you set
 * up an authentication server, you specify a lookup callback to
 * call into when verifying incoming credentials. The problem
 * with this callback is that it only gives you the realm and
 * authentication username. In 2.0.5, there is a new version of
 * the callback you can use that gives the pjsip_rx_data in
 * addition.
 *
 * Unfortunately, the data we actually \b need is the
 * \ref ast_sip_auth we are currently observing. So we have two
 * choices:
 * 1) Use the current PJSIP API and use thread-local storage
 * to temporarily store our SIP authentication information. Then
 * in the callback, we can retrieve the authentication info and
 * use as needed. Given our threading model, this is safe.
 * 2) Use the 2.0.5 API and temporarily store the authentication
 * information in the rdata's endpoint_info. Then in the callback,
 * we can retrieve the authentication info from the rdata.
 *
 * I've chosen option 1 since it does not require backporting
 * any APIs from future versions of PJSIP, plus I feel the
 * thread-local option is a bit cleaner.
 */
AST_THREADSTORAGE_CUSTOM(auth_store, NULL, auth_store_cleanup);
 
/*!
 * \brief Store shallow copy authentication information in thread-local storage
 */
static int store_auth(const struct ast_sip_auth *auth)
{
    const struct ast_sip_auth **pointing;
 
    pointing = ast_threadstorage_get(&auth_store, sizeof(pointing));
    if (!pointing) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    *pointing = auth;
    return 0;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Remove shallow copy authentication information from thread-local storage
 */
static int remove_auth(void)
{
    struct ast_sip_auth **pointing;
 
    pointing = ast_threadstorage_get(&auth_store, sizeof(pointing));
    if (!pointing) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    *pointing = NULL;
    return 0;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Retrieve shallow copy authentication information from thread-local storage
 */
static const struct ast_sip_auth *get_auth(void)
{
    struct ast_sip_auth **auth;
 
    auth = ast_threadstorage_get(&auth_store, sizeof(auth));
    if (auth) {
        return *auth;
    }
    return NULL;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Lookup callback for authentication verification
 *
 * This function is called when we call pjsip_auth_srv_verify(). It
 * expects us to verify that the realm and account name from the
 * Authorization header is correct. We are then supposed to supply
 * a password or MD5 sum of credentials.
 *
 * \param pool A memory pool we can use for allocations
 * \param realm The realm from the Authorization header
 * \param acc_name the user from the Authorization header
 * \param[out] info The credentials we need to fill in
 * \retval PJ_SUCCESS Successful authentication
 * \retval other Unsuccessful
 */
static pj_status_t digest_lookup(pj_pool_t *pool, const pj_str_t *realm,
        const pj_str_t *acc_name, pjsip_cred_info *info)
{
    const struct ast_sip_auth *auth;
 
    auth = get_auth();
    if (!auth) {
        return PJSIP_SC_FORBIDDEN;
    }
 
    if (auth->type == AST_SIP_AUTH_TYPE_ARTIFICIAL) {
        return PJSIP_SC_FORBIDDEN;
    }
 
    if (pj_strcmp2(realm, auth->realm)) {
        return PJSIP_SC_FORBIDDEN;
    }
    if (pj_strcmp2(acc_name, auth->auth_user)) {
        return PJSIP_SC_FORBIDDEN;
    }
 
    pj_strdup2(pool, &info->realm, auth->realm);
    pj_strdup2(pool, &info->username, auth->auth_user);
 
    switch (auth->type) {
    case AST_SIP_AUTH_TYPE_USER_PASS:
        pj_strdup2(pool, &info->data, auth->auth_pass);
        info->data_type = PJSIP_CRED_DATA_PLAIN_PASSWD;
        break;
    case AST_SIP_AUTH_TYPE_MD5:
        pj_strdup2(pool, &info->data, auth->md5_creds);
        info->data_type = PJSIP_CRED_DATA_DIGEST;
        break;
    default:
        return PJSIP_SC_FORBIDDEN;
    }
    return PJ_SUCCESS;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Calculate a nonce
 *
 * We use this in order to create authentication challenges. We also use this in order
 * to verify that an incoming request with credentials could be in response to one
 * of our challenges.
 *
 * The nonce is calculated from a timestamp, the source IP address, the source port, a
 * unique ID for us, and the realm. This helps to ensure that the incoming request
 * is from the same source that the nonce was calculated for. Including the realm
 * ensures that multiple challenges to the same request have different nonces.
 *
 * \param nonce
 * \param timestamp A UNIX timestamp expressed as a string
 * \param rdata The incoming request
 * \param realm The realm for which authentication should occur
 */
static int build_nonce(struct ast_str **nonce, const char *timestamp, const pjsip_rx_data *rdata, const char *realm)
{
    struct ast_str *str = ast_str_alloca(256);
    RAII_VAR(char *, eid, ao2_global_obj_ref(entity_id), ao2_cleanup);
    char hash[33];
 
    /*
     * Note you may be tempted to think why not include the port. The reason
     * is that when using TCP the port can potentially differ from before.
     */
    ast_str_append(&str, 0, "%s", timestamp);
    ast_str_append(&str, 0, ":%s", rdata->pkt_info.src_name);
    ast_str_append(&str, 0, ":%s", eid);
    ast_str_append(&str, 0, ":%s", realm);
    ast_md5_hash(hash, ast_str_buffer(str));
 
    ast_str_append(nonce, 0, "%s/%s", timestamp, hash);
    return 0;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Ensure that a nonce on an incoming request is sane.
 *
 * The nonce in an incoming Authorization header needs to pass some scrutiny in order
 * for us to consider accepting it. What we do is re-build a nonce based on request
 * data and a realm and see if it matches the nonce they sent us.
 * \param candidate The nonce on an incoming request
 * \param rdata The incoming request
 * \param auth The auth credentials we are trying to match against.
 * \retval 0 Nonce does not pass validity checks
 * \retval 1 Nonce passes validity check
 */
static int check_nonce(const char *candidate, const pjsip_rx_data *rdata, const struct ast_sip_auth *auth)
{
    char *copy = ast_strdupa(candidate);
    char *timestamp = strsep(&copy, "/");
    int timestamp_int;
    time_t now = time(NULL);
    struct ast_str *calculated = ast_str_alloca(64);
 
    if (!copy) {
        /* Clearly a bad nonce! */
        return 0;
    }
 
    if (sscanf(timestamp, "%30d", &timestamp_int) != 1) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    if ((int) now - timestamp_int > auth->nonce_lifetime) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    build_nonce(&calculated, timestamp, rdata, auth->realm);
    ast_debug(3, "Calculated nonce %s. Actual nonce is %s\n", ast_str_buffer(calculated), candidate);
    if (strcmp(ast_str_buffer(calculated), candidate)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}
 
static int find_challenge(const pjsip_rx_data *rdata, const struct ast_sip_auth *auth)
{
    struct pjsip_authorization_hdr *auth_hdr = (pjsip_authorization_hdr *) &rdata->msg_info.msg->hdr;
    int challenge_found = 0;
    char nonce[64];
 
    while ((auth_hdr = (pjsip_authorization_hdr *) pjsip_msg_find_hdr(rdata->msg_info.msg, PJSIP_H_AUTHORIZATION, auth_hdr->next))) {
        ast_copy_pj_str(nonce, &auth_hdr->credential.digest.nonce, sizeof(nonce));
        if (check_nonce(nonce, rdata, auth) && !pj_strcmp2(&auth_hdr->credential.digest.realm, auth->realm)) {
            challenge_found = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return challenge_found;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Common code for initializing a pjsip_auth_srv
 */
static void setup_auth_srv(pj_pool_t *pool, pjsip_auth_srv *auth_server, const char *realm)
{
    pj_str_t realm_str;
    pj_cstr(&realm_str, realm);
 
    pjsip_auth_srv_init(pool, auth_server, &realm_str, digest_lookup, 0);
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Result of digest verification
 */
enum digest_verify_result {
    /*! Authentication credentials incorrect */
    AUTH_FAIL = 0,
    /*! Authentication credentials correct */
    AUTH_SUCCESS,
    /*! Authentication credentials correct but nonce mismatch */
    AUTH_STALE,
    /*! Authentication credentials were not provided */
    AUTH_NOAUTH,
};
 
static char *verify_result_str[] = {
    "FAIL",
    "SUCCESS",
    "STALE",
    "NOAUTH"
};
/*!
 * \brief astobj2 callback for verifying incoming credentials
 *
 * \param auth The ast_sip_auth to check against
 * \param rdata The incoming request
 * \param pool A pool to use for the auth server
 * \return CMP_MATCH on successful authentication
 * \return 0 on failed authentication
 */
static int verify(const struct ast_sip_auth *auth, pjsip_rx_data *rdata, pj_pool_t *pool)
{
    pj_status_t authed;
    int response_code;
    pjsip_auth_srv auth_server;
    int stale = 0;
    int res = AUTH_FAIL;
 
    if (!find_challenge(rdata, auth)) {
        /* Couldn't find a challenge with a sane nonce.
         * Nonce mismatch may just be due to staleness.
         */
        stale = 1;
    }
 
    setup_auth_srv(pool, &auth_server, auth->realm);
 
    store_auth(auth);
    authed = pjsip_auth_srv_verify(&auth_server, rdata, &response_code);
    remove_auth();
 
    if (authed == PJ_SUCCESS) {
        if (stale) {
            res = AUTH_STALE;
        } else {
            res = AUTH_SUCCESS;
        }
    }
 
    if (authed == PJSIP_EAUTHNOAUTH) {
        res = AUTH_NOAUTH;
    }
 
    ast_debug(3, "Realm: %s  Username: %s  Result: %s\n",
        auth->realm, auth->auth_user, verify_result_str[res]);
 
    ast_test_suite_event_notify("INCOMING_AUTH_VERIFY_RESULT",
        "Realm: %s\r\n"
        "Username: %s\r\n"
        "Status: %s",
        auth->realm, auth->auth_user, verify_result_str[res]);
 
    return res;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief astobj2 callback for adding digest challenges to responses
 *
 * \param realm An auth's realm to build a challenge from
 * \param tdata The response to add the challenge to
 * \param rdata The request the challenge is in response to
 * \param is_stale Indicates whether nonce on incoming request was stale
 */
static void challenge(const char *realm, pjsip_tx_data *tdata, const pjsip_rx_data *rdata, int is_stale)
{
    pj_str_t qop;
    pj_str_t pj_nonce;
    pjsip_auth_srv auth_server;
    struct ast_str *nonce = ast_str_alloca(256);
    char time_buf[32];
    time_t timestamp = time(NULL);
    snprintf(time_buf, sizeof(time_buf), "%d", (int) timestamp);
 
    build_nonce(&nonce, time_buf, rdata, realm);
 
    setup_auth_srv(tdata->pool, &auth_server, realm);
 
    pj_cstr(&pj_nonce, ast_str_buffer(nonce));
    pj_cstr(&qop, "auth");
    pjsip_auth_srv_challenge(&auth_server, &qop, &pj_nonce, NULL, is_stale ? PJ_TRUE : PJ_FALSE, tdata);
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Check authentication using Digest scheme
 *
 * This function will check an incoming message against configured authentication
 * options. If \b any of the incoming Authorization headers result in successful
 * authentication, then authentication is considered successful.
 *
 * \see ast_sip_check_authentication
 */
static enum ast_sip_check_auth_result digest_check_auth(struct ast_sip_endpoint *endpoint,
        pjsip_rx_data *rdata, pjsip_tx_data *tdata)
{
    struct ast_sip_auth **auths;
    struct ast_sip_auth **auths_shallow;
    enum digest_verify_result *verify_res;
    struct ast_sip_endpoint *artificial_endpoint;
    enum ast_sip_check_auth_result res;
    int idx;
    int is_artificial;
    int failures = 0;
    size_t auth_size;
 
    auth_size = AST_VECTOR_SIZE(&endpoint->inbound_auths);
    ast_assert(0 < auth_size);
 
    auths = ast_alloca(auth_size * sizeof(*auths));
    verify_res = ast_alloca(auth_size * sizeof(*verify_res));
 
    artificial_endpoint = ast_sip_get_artificial_endpoint();
    if (!artificial_endpoint) {
        /* Should not happen except possibly if we are shutting down. */
        return AST_SIP_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR;
    }
 
    is_artificial = endpoint == artificial_endpoint;
    ao2_ref(artificial_endpoint, -1);
    if (is_artificial) {
        ast_assert(auth_size == 1);
        auths[0] = ast_sip_get_artificial_auth();
        if (!auths[0]) {
            /* Should not happen except possibly if we are shutting down. */
            return AST_SIP_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR;
        }
    } else {
        memset(auths, 0, auth_size * sizeof(*auths));
        if (ast_sip_retrieve_auths(&endpoint->inbound_auths, auths)) {
            res = AST_SIP_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR;
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
 
    /* Setup shallow copy of auths */
    if (ast_strlen_zero(default_realm)) {
        auths_shallow = auths;
    } else {
        /*
         * Set default realm on a shallow copy of the authentication
         * objects that don't have a realm set.
         */
        auths_shallow = ast_alloca(auth_size * sizeof(*auths_shallow));
        for (idx = 0; idx < auth_size; ++idx) {
            if (ast_strlen_zero(auths[idx]->realm)) {
                /*
                 * Make a shallow copy and set the default realm on it.
                 *
                 * The stack allocation is OK here.  Normally this will
                 * loop one time.  If you have multiple auths then you
                 * shouldn't need more auths than the normal complement
                 * of fingers and toes.  Otherwise, you should check
                 * your sanity for setting up your system up that way.
                 */
                auths_shallow[idx] = ast_alloca(sizeof(**auths_shallow));
                memcpy(auths_shallow[idx], auths[idx], sizeof(**auths_shallow));
                *((char **) (&auths_shallow[idx]->realm)) = default_realm;
                ast_debug(3, "Using default realm '%s' on incoming auth '%s'.\n",
                    default_realm, ast_sorcery_object_get_id(auths_shallow[idx]));
            } else {
                auths_shallow[idx] = auths[idx];
            }
        }
    }
 
    for (idx = 0; idx < auth_size; ++idx) {
        verify_res[idx] = verify(auths_shallow[idx], rdata, tdata->pool);
        if (verify_res[idx] == AUTH_SUCCESS) {
            res = AST_SIP_AUTHENTICATION_SUCCESS;
            goto cleanup;
        }
        if (verify_res[idx] == AUTH_FAIL) {
            failures++;
        }
    }
 
    for (idx = 0; idx < auth_size; ++idx) {
        challenge(auths_shallow[idx]->realm, tdata, rdata, verify_res[idx] == AUTH_STALE);
    }
 
    if (failures == auth_size) {
        res = AST_SIP_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED;
    } else {
        res = AST_SIP_AUTHENTICATION_CHALLENGE;
    }
 
cleanup:
    ast_sip_cleanup_auths(auths, auth_size);
    return res;
}
 
static struct ast_sip_authenticator digest_authenticator = {
    .requires_authentication = digest_requires_authentication,
    .check_authentication = digest_check_auth,
};
 
static int build_entity_id(void)
{
    char *eid;
 
    eid = ao2_alloc(AST_UUID_STR_LEN, NULL);
    if (!eid) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    ast_uuid_generate_str(eid, AST_UUID_STR_LEN);
    ao2_global_obj_replace_unref(entity_id, eid);
    ao2_ref(eid, -1);
    return 0;
}
 
static void global_loaded(const char *object_type)
{
    ast_sip_get_default_realm(default_realm, sizeof(default_realm));
}
 
/*! \brief Observer which is used to update our default_realm when the global setting changes */
static struct ast_sorcery_observer global_observer = {
    .loaded = global_loaded,
};
 
static int reload_module(void)
{
    if (build_entity_id()) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
static int load_module(void)
{
    if (build_entity_id()) {
        return AST_MODULE_LOAD_DECLINE;
    }
 
    ast_sorcery_observer_add(ast_sip_get_sorcery(), "global", &global_observer);
    ast_sorcery_reload_object(ast_sip_get_sorcery(), "global");
 
    if (ast_sip_register_authenticator(&digest_authenticator)) {
        ao2_global_obj_release(entity_id);
        return AST_MODULE_LOAD_DECLINE;
    }
    return AST_MODULE_LOAD_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int unload_module(void)
{
    ast_sorcery_observer_remove(ast_sip_get_sorcery(), "global", &global_observer);
    ast_sip_unregister_authenticator(&digest_authenticator);
    ao2_global_obj_release(entity_id);
    return 0;
}
 
AST_MODULE_INFO(ASTERISK_GPL_KEY, AST_MODFLAG_LOAD_ORDER, "PJSIP authentication resource",
    .support_level = AST_MODULE_SUPPORT_CORE,
    .load = load_module,
    .unload = unload_module,
    .reload = reload_module,
    .load_pri = AST_MODPRI_CHANNEL_DEPEND - 5,
    .requires = "res_pjsip",
);