main/app.c

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/*
 * Asterisk -- An open source telephony toolkit.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999 - 2005, Digium, Inc.
 *
 * Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
 *
 * See http://www.asterisk.org for more information about
 * the Asterisk project. Please do not directly contact
 * any of the maintainers of this project for assistance;
 * the project provides a web site, mailing lists and IRC
 * channels for your use.
 *
 * This program is free software, distributed under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License Version 2. See the LICENSE file
 * at the top of the source tree.
 */
 
/*! \file
 *
 * \brief Convenient Application Routines
 *
 * \author Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
 */
 
/*!
 * Application Skeleton is an example of creating an application for Asterisk.
 * \example app_skel.c
 */
 
/*** MODULEINFO
    <support_level>core</support_level>
 ***/
 
#include "asterisk.h"
 
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#include <regex.h>          /* for regcomp(3) */
#include <sys/file.h>       /* for flock(2) */
#include <signal.h>         /* for pthread_sigmask(3) */
#include <stdlib.h>         /* for closefrom(3) */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>       /* for waitpid(2) */
#ifndef HAVE_CLOSEFROM
#include <dirent.h>         /* for opendir(3)   */
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_CAP
#include <sys/capability.h>
#endif /* HAVE_CAP */
 
#include "asterisk/paths.h" /* use ast_config_AST_DATA_DIR */
#include "asterisk/channel.h"
#include "asterisk/pbx.h"
#include "asterisk/file.h"
#include "asterisk/app.h"
#include "asterisk/dsp.h"
#include "asterisk/utils.h"
#include "asterisk/lock.h"
#include "asterisk/indications.h"
#include "asterisk/linkedlists.h"
#include "asterisk/threadstorage.h"
#include "asterisk/test.h"
#include "asterisk/module.h"
#include "asterisk/astobj2.h"
#include "asterisk/stasis.h"
#include "asterisk/stasis_channels.h"
#include "asterisk/json.h"
#include "asterisk/format_cache.h"
 
AST_THREADSTORAGE_PUBLIC(ast_str_thread_global_buf);
 
static pthread_t shaun_of_the_dead_thread = AST_PTHREADT_NULL;
 
struct zombie {
    pid_t pid;
    AST_LIST_ENTRY(zombie) list;
};
 
static AST_LIST_HEAD_STATIC(zombies, zombie);
 
#ifdef HAVE_CAP
static cap_t child_cap;
#endif
/*!
 * \brief Define \ref stasis topic objects
 * @{
 */
static struct stasis_topic *queue_topic_all;
static struct stasis_topic_pool *queue_topic_pool;
 
/*! @} */
 
static void *shaun_of_the_dead(void *data)
{
    struct zombie *cur;
    int status;
    for (;;) {
        if (!AST_LIST_EMPTY(&zombies)) {
            /* Don't allow cancellation while we have a lock. */
            pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, NULL);
            AST_LIST_LOCK(&zombies);
            AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&zombies, cur, list) {
                if (waitpid(cur->pid, &status, WNOHANG) != 0) {
                    AST_LIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(list);
                    ast_free(cur);
                }
            }
            AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END
            AST_LIST_UNLOCK(&zombies);
            pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL);
        }
        pthread_testcancel();
        /* Wait for 60 seconds, without engaging in a busy loop. */
        ast_poll(NULL, 0, AST_LIST_FIRST(&zombies) ? 5000 : 60000);
    }
    return NULL;
}
 
 
#define AST_MAX_FORMATS 10
 
static AST_RWLIST_HEAD_STATIC(groups, ast_group_info);
 
/*!
 * \brief This function presents a dialtone and reads an extension into 'collect'
 * which must be a pointer to a **pre-initialized** array of char having a
 * size of 'size' suitable for writing to.  It will collect no more than the smaller
 * of 'maxlen' or 'size' minus the original strlen() of collect digits.
 * \param chan struct.
 * \param context
 * \param collect
 * \param size
 * \param maxlen
 * \param timeout timeout in milliseconds
*/
int ast_app_dtget(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *context, char *collect, size_t size, int maxlen, int timeout)
{
    struct ast_tone_zone_sound *ts;
    int res = 0, x = 0;
 
    if (maxlen > size) {
        maxlen = size;
    }
 
    if (!timeout) {
        if (ast_channel_pbx(chan) && ast_channel_pbx(chan)->dtimeoutms) {
            timeout = ast_channel_pbx(chan)->dtimeoutms;
        } else {
            timeout = 5000;
        }
    }
 
    if ((ts = ast_get_indication_tone(ast_channel_zone(chan), "dial"))) {
        res = ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, ts->data, 0);
        ts = ast_tone_zone_sound_unref(ts);
    } else {
        ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Huh....? no dial for indications?\n");
    }
 
    for (x = strlen(collect); x < maxlen; ) {
        res = ast_waitfordigit(chan, timeout);
        if (!ast_ignore_pattern(context, collect)) {
            ast_playtones_stop(chan);
        }
        if (res < 1) {
            break;
        }
        if (res == '#') {
            break;
        }
        collect[x++] = res;
        if (!ast_matchmore_extension(chan, context, collect, 1,
            S_COR(ast_channel_caller(chan)->id.number.valid, ast_channel_caller(chan)->id.number.str, NULL))) {
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (res >= 0) {
        res = ast_exists_extension(chan, context, collect, 1,
            S_COR(ast_channel_caller(chan)->id.number.valid, ast_channel_caller(chan)->id.number.str, NULL)) ? 1 : 0;
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
enum ast_getdata_result ast_app_getdata(struct ast_channel *c, const char *prompt, char *s, int maxlen, int timeout)
{
    return ast_app_getdata_terminator(c, prompt, s, maxlen, timeout, NULL);
}
 
enum ast_getdata_result ast_app_getdata_terminator(struct ast_channel *c, const char *prompt, char *s,
    int maxlen, int timeout, char *terminator)
{
    int res = 0, to, fto;
    char *front, *filename;
 
    /* XXX Merge with full version? XXX */
 
    if (maxlen)
        s[0] = '\0';
 
    if (!prompt)
        prompt = "";
 
    filename = ast_strdupa(prompt);
    while ((front = ast_strsep(&filename, '&', AST_STRSEP_STRIP | AST_STRSEP_TRIM))) {
        if (!ast_strlen_zero(front)) {
            res = ast_streamfile(c, front, ast_channel_language(c));
            if (res)
                continue;
        }
        if (ast_strlen_zero(filename)) {
            /* set timeouts for the last prompt */
            fto = ast_channel_pbx(c) ? ast_channel_pbx(c)->rtimeoutms : 6000;
            to = ast_channel_pbx(c) ? ast_channel_pbx(c)->dtimeoutms : 2000;
 
            if (timeout > 0) {
                fto = to = timeout;
            }
            if (timeout < 0) {
                fto = to = 1000000000;
            }
        } else {
            /* there is more than one prompt, so
             * get rid of the long timeout between
             * prompts, and make it 50ms */
            fto = 50;
            to = ast_channel_pbx(c) ? ast_channel_pbx(c)->dtimeoutms : 2000;
        }
        res = ast_readstring(c, s, maxlen, to, fto, (terminator ? terminator : "#"));
        if (res == AST_GETDATA_EMPTY_END_TERMINATED) {
            return res;
        }
        if (!ast_strlen_zero(s)) {
            return res;
        }
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
/* The lock type used by ast_lock_path() / ast_unlock_path() */
static enum AST_LOCK_TYPE ast_lock_type = AST_LOCK_TYPE_LOCKFILE;
 
int ast_app_getdata_full(struct ast_channel *c, const char *prompt, char *s, int maxlen, int timeout, int audiofd, int ctrlfd)
{
    int res, to = 2000, fto = 6000;
 
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(prompt)) {
        res = ast_streamfile(c, prompt, ast_channel_language(c));
        if (res < 0) {
            return res;
        }
    }
 
    if (timeout > 0) {
        fto = to = timeout;
    }
    if (timeout < 0) {
        fto = to = 1000000000;
    }
 
    res = ast_readstring_full(c, s, maxlen, to, fto, "#", audiofd, ctrlfd);
 
    return res;
}
 
/* BUGBUG this is not thread safe. */
static const struct ast_app_stack_funcs *app_stack_callbacks;
 
void ast_install_stack_functions(const struct ast_app_stack_funcs *funcs)
{
    app_stack_callbacks = funcs;
}
 
const char *ast_app_expand_sub_args(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *args)
{
    const struct ast_app_stack_funcs *funcs;
    const char *new_args;
 
    funcs = app_stack_callbacks;
    if (!funcs || !funcs->expand_sub_args || !ast_module_running_ref(funcs->module)) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING,
            "Cannot expand 'Gosub(%s)' arguments.  The app_stack module is not available.\n",
            args);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    new_args = funcs->expand_sub_args(chan, args);
    ast_module_unref(funcs->module);
 
    return new_args;
}
 
int ast_app_exec_sub(struct ast_channel *autoservice_chan, struct ast_channel *sub_chan, const char *sub_args, int ignore_hangup)
{
    const struct ast_app_stack_funcs *funcs;
    int res;
 
    funcs = app_stack_callbacks;
    if (!funcs || !funcs->run_sub || !ast_module_running_ref(funcs->module)) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING,
            "Cannot run 'Gosub(%s)'.  The app_stack module is not available.\n",
            sub_args);
        return -1;
    }
 
    if (autoservice_chan) {
        ast_autoservice_start(autoservice_chan);
    }
 
    res = funcs->run_sub(sub_chan, sub_args, ignore_hangup);
    ast_module_unref(funcs->module);
 
    if (autoservice_chan) {
        ast_autoservice_stop(autoservice_chan);
    }
 
    if (!ignore_hangup && ast_check_hangup_locked(sub_chan)) {
        ast_queue_hangup(sub_chan);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_run_sub(struct ast_channel *autoservice_chan, struct ast_channel *sub_chan, const char *sub_location, const char *sub_args, int ignore_hangup)
{
    int res;
    char *args_str;
    size_t args_len;
 
    if (ast_strlen_zero(sub_args)) {
        return ast_app_exec_sub(autoservice_chan, sub_chan, sub_location, ignore_hangup);
    }
 
    /* Create the Gosub application argument string. */
    args_len = strlen(sub_location) + strlen(sub_args) + 3;
    args_str = ast_malloc(args_len);
    if (!args_str) {
        return -1;
    }
    snprintf(args_str, args_len, "%s(%s)", sub_location, sub_args);
 
    res = ast_app_exec_sub(autoservice_chan, sub_chan, args_str, ignore_hangup);
    ast_free(args_str);
    return res;
}
 
/*! \brief The container for the voicemail provider */
static AO2_GLOBAL_OBJ_STATIC(vm_provider);
 
/*! Voicemail not registered warning */
static int vm_warnings;
 
int ast_vm_is_registered(void)
{
    struct ast_vm_functions *table;
    int is_registered;
 
    table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_provider);
    is_registered = table ? 1 : 0;
    ao2_cleanup(table);
    return is_registered;
}
 
int __ast_vm_register(const struct ast_vm_functions *vm_table, struct ast_module *module)
{
    RAII_VAR(struct ast_vm_functions *, table, NULL, ao2_cleanup);
 
    if (!vm_table->module_name) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Voicemail provider missing required information.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if (vm_table->module_version != VM_MODULE_VERSION) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Voicemail provider '%s' has incorrect version\n",
            vm_table->module_name);
        return -1;
    }
 
    table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_provider);
    if (table) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Voicemail provider already registered by %s.\n",
            table->module_name);
        return AST_MODULE_LOAD_DECLINE;
    }
 
    table = ao2_alloc_options(sizeof(*table), NULL, AO2_ALLOC_OPT_LOCK_NOLOCK);
    if (!table) {
        return -1;
    }
    *table = *vm_table;
    table->module = module;
 
    ao2_global_obj_replace_unref(vm_provider, table);
    return 0;
}
 
void ast_vm_unregister(const char *module_name)
{
    struct ast_vm_functions *table;
 
    table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_provider);
    if (table && !strcmp(table->module_name, module_name)) {
        ao2_global_obj_release(vm_provider);
    }
    ao2_cleanup(table);
}
 
#ifdef TEST_FRAMEWORK
/*! \brief Holding container for the voicemail provider used while testing */
static AO2_GLOBAL_OBJ_STATIC(vm_provider_holder);
static int provider_is_swapped = 0;
 
void ast_vm_test_swap_table_in(const struct ast_vm_functions *vm_table)
{
    RAII_VAR(struct ast_vm_functions *, holding_table, NULL, ao2_cleanup);
    RAII_VAR(struct ast_vm_functions *, new_table, NULL, ao2_cleanup);
 
    if (provider_is_swapped) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Attempted to swap in test function table without swapping out old test table.\n");
        return;
    }
 
    holding_table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_provider);
 
    if (holding_table) {
        ao2_global_obj_replace_unref(vm_provider_holder, holding_table);
    }
 
    new_table = ao2_alloc_options(sizeof(*new_table), NULL, AO2_ALLOC_OPT_LOCK_NOLOCK);
    if (!new_table) {
        return;
    }
    *new_table = *vm_table;
 
    ao2_global_obj_replace_unref(vm_provider, new_table);
    provider_is_swapped = 1;
}
 
void ast_vm_test_swap_table_out(void)
{
    RAII_VAR(struct ast_vm_functions *, held_table, NULL, ao2_cleanup);
 
    if (!provider_is_swapped) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Attempted to swap out test function table, but none is currently installed.\n");
        return;
    }
 
    held_table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_provider_holder);
    if (!held_table) {
        return;
    }
 
    ao2_global_obj_replace_unref(vm_provider, held_table);
    ao2_global_obj_release(vm_provider_holder);
    provider_is_swapped = 0;
}
#endif
 
/*! \brief The container for the voicemail greeter provider */
static AO2_GLOBAL_OBJ_STATIC(vm_greeter_provider);
 
/*! Voicemail greeter not registered warning */
static int vm_greeter_warnings;
 
int ast_vm_greeter_is_registered(void)
{
    struct ast_vm_greeter_functions *table;
    int is_registered;
 
    table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_greeter_provider);
    is_registered = table ? 1 : 0;
    ao2_cleanup(table);
    return is_registered;
}
 
int __ast_vm_greeter_register(const struct ast_vm_greeter_functions *vm_table, struct ast_module *module)
{
    RAII_VAR(struct ast_vm_greeter_functions *, table, NULL, ao2_cleanup);
 
    if (!vm_table->module_name) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Voicemail greeter provider missing required information.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if (vm_table->module_version != VM_GREETER_MODULE_VERSION) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Voicemail greeter provider '%s' has incorrect version\n",
            vm_table->module_name);
        return -1;
    }
 
    table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_greeter_provider);
    if (table) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Voicemail greeter provider already registered by %s.\n",
            table->module_name);
        return AST_MODULE_LOAD_DECLINE;
    }
 
    table = ao2_alloc_options(sizeof(*table), NULL, AO2_ALLOC_OPT_LOCK_NOLOCK);
    if (!table) {
        return -1;
    }
    *table = *vm_table;
    table->module = module;
 
    ao2_global_obj_replace_unref(vm_greeter_provider, table);
    return 0;
}
 
void ast_vm_greeter_unregister(const char *module_name)
{
    struct ast_vm_greeter_functions *table;
 
    table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_greeter_provider);
    if (table && !strcmp(table->module_name, module_name)) {
        ao2_global_obj_release(vm_greeter_provider);
    }
    ao2_cleanup(table);
}
 
#ifdef TEST_FRAMEWORK
static ast_vm_test_create_user_fn *ast_vm_test_create_user_func = NULL;
static ast_vm_test_destroy_user_fn *ast_vm_test_destroy_user_func = NULL;
 
void ast_install_vm_test_functions(ast_vm_test_create_user_fn *vm_test_create_user_func,
    ast_vm_test_destroy_user_fn *vm_test_destroy_user_func)
{
    ast_vm_test_create_user_func = vm_test_create_user_func;
    ast_vm_test_destroy_user_func = vm_test_destroy_user_func;
}
 
void ast_uninstall_vm_test_functions(void)
{
    ast_vm_test_create_user_func = NULL;
    ast_vm_test_destroy_user_func = NULL;
}
#endif
 
static void vm_warn_no_provider(void)
{
    if (vm_warnings++ % 10 == 0) {
        ast_verb(3, "No voicemail provider registered.\n");
    }
}
 
#define VM_API_CALL(res, api_call, api_parms)                               \
    do {                                                                    \
        struct ast_vm_functions *table;                                     \
        table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_provider);                            \
        if (!table) {                                                       \
            vm_warn_no_provider();                                          \
        } else if (table->api_call) {                                       \
            ast_module_ref(table->module);                                  \
            (res) = table->api_call api_parms;                              \
            ast_module_unref(table->module);                                \
        }                                                                   \
        ao2_cleanup(table);                                                 \
    } while (0)
 
static void vm_greeter_warn_no_provider(void)
{
    if (vm_greeter_warnings++ % 10 == 0) {
        ast_verb(3, "No voicemail greeter provider registered.\n");
    }
}
 
#define VM_GREETER_API_CALL(res, api_call, api_parms)                       \
    do {                                                                    \
        struct ast_vm_greeter_functions *table;                             \
        table = ao2_global_obj_ref(vm_greeter_provider);                    \
        if (!table) {                                                       \
            vm_greeter_warn_no_provider();                                  \
        } else if (table->api_call) {                                       \
            ast_module_ref(table->module);                                  \
            (res) = table->api_call api_parms;                              \
            ast_module_unref(table->module);                                \
        }                                                                   \
        ao2_cleanup(table);                                                 \
    } while (0)
 
int ast_app_has_voicemail(const char *mailboxes, const char *folder)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, has_voicemail, (mailboxes, folder));
    return res;
}
 
/*!
 * \internal
 * \brief Function used as a callback for ast_copy_recording_to_vm when a real one isn't installed.
 * \param vm_rec_data Stores crucial information about the voicemail that will basically just be used
 * to figure out what the name of the recipient was supposed to be
 */
int ast_app_copy_recording_to_vm(struct ast_vm_recording_data *vm_rec_data)
{
    int res = -1;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, copy_recording_to_vm, (vm_rec_data));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_inboxcount(const char *mailboxes, int *newmsgs, int *oldmsgs)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    if (newmsgs) {
        *newmsgs = 0;
    }
    if (oldmsgs) {
        *oldmsgs = 0;
    }
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, inboxcount, (mailboxes, newmsgs, oldmsgs));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_inboxcount2(const char *mailboxes, int *urgentmsgs, int *newmsgs, int *oldmsgs)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    if (newmsgs) {
        *newmsgs = 0;
    }
    if (oldmsgs) {
        *oldmsgs = 0;
    }
    if (urgentmsgs) {
        *urgentmsgs = 0;
    }
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, inboxcount2, (mailboxes, urgentmsgs, newmsgs, oldmsgs));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_sayname(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *mailbox_id)
{
    int res = -1;
 
    VM_GREETER_API_CALL(res, sayname, (chan, mailbox_id));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_messagecount(const char *mailbox_id, const char *folder)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, messagecount, (mailbox_id, folder));
    return res;
}
 
const char *ast_vm_index_to_foldername(int id)
{
    const char *res = NULL;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, index_to_foldername, (id));
    return res;
}
 
struct ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot *ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot_create(const char *mailbox,
    const char *context,
    const char *folder,
    int descending,
    enum ast_vm_snapshot_sort_val sort_val,
    int combine_INBOX_and_OLD)
{
    struct ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot *res = NULL;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, mailbox_snapshot_create, (mailbox, context, folder, descending,
        sort_val, combine_INBOX_and_OLD));
    return res;
}
 
struct ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot *ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot_destroy(struct ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot *mailbox_snapshot)
{
    struct ast_vm_mailbox_snapshot *res = NULL;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, mailbox_snapshot_destroy, (mailbox_snapshot));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_vm_msg_move(const char *mailbox,
    const char *context,
    size_t num_msgs,
    const char *oldfolder,
    const char *old_msg_ids[],
    const char *newfolder)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, msg_move, (mailbox, context, num_msgs, oldfolder, old_msg_ids,
        newfolder));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_vm_msg_remove(const char *mailbox,
    const char *context,
    size_t num_msgs,
    const char *folder,
    const char *msgs[])
{
    int res = 0;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, msg_remove, (mailbox, context, num_msgs, folder, msgs));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_vm_msg_forward(const char *from_mailbox,
    const char *from_context,
    const char *from_folder,
    const char *to_mailbox,
    const char *to_context,
    const char *to_folder,
    size_t num_msgs,
    const char *msg_ids[],
    int delete_old)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, msg_forward, (from_mailbox, from_context, from_folder, to_mailbox,
        to_context, to_folder, num_msgs, msg_ids, delete_old));
    return res;
}
 
int ast_vm_msg_play(struct ast_channel *chan,
    const char *mailbox,
    const char *context,
    const char *folder,
    const char *msg_num,
    ast_vm_msg_play_cb *cb)
{
    int res = 0;
 
    VM_API_CALL(res, msg_play, (chan, mailbox, context, folder, msg_num, cb));
    return res;
}
 
#ifdef TEST_FRAMEWORK
int ast_vm_test_create_user(const char *context, const char *mailbox)
{
    if (ast_vm_test_create_user_func) {
        return ast_vm_test_create_user_func(context, mailbox);
    }
    return 0;
}
 
int ast_vm_test_destroy_user(const char *context, const char *mailbox)
{
    if (ast_vm_test_destroy_user_func) {
        return ast_vm_test_destroy_user_func(context, mailbox);
    }
    return 0;
}
#endif
 
static int external_sleep(struct ast_channel *chan, int ms)
{
    usleep(ms * 1000);
    return 0;
}
 
static int sf_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_channel *chan2, const char *digits, int frequency, int is_external)
{
    /* Bell System Technical Journal 39 (Nov. 1960) */
    #define SF_ON 67
    #define SF_OFF 33
    #define SF_BETWEEN 600
 
    const char *ptr;
    int res;
    struct ast_silence_generator *silgen = NULL, *silgen2 = NULL;
    char *freq;
    int (*my_sleep)(struct ast_channel *chan, int ms);
 
    if (frequency >= 100000) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Frequency too large: %d\n", frequency);
        return -1;
    }
 
    if (is_external) {
        my_sleep = external_sleep;
    } else {
        my_sleep = ast_safe_sleep;
    }
 
    /* Need a quiet time before sending digits. */
    if (ast_opt_transmit_silence) {
        silgen = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan);
        if (chan2) {
            silgen2 = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan2);
        }
    }
    if (chan2) {
        ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
    }
    res = my_sleep(chan, 100);
    if (chan2) {
        ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
    }
    if (res) {
        goto sf_stream_cleanup;
    }
 
/* len(SF_ON) + len(SF_OFF) + len(0) + maxlen(frequency) + /,/ + null terminator = 2 + 2 + 1 + 5 at most + 3 + 1 = 14 */
#define SF_BUF_LEN  20
    freq = ast_alloca(SF_BUF_LEN); /* min 20 to avoid compiler warning about insufficient buffer */
    /* pauses need to send audio, so send 0 Hz */
    snprintf(freq, SF_BUF_LEN, "%d/%d,%d/%d", frequency, SF_ON, 0, SF_OFF);
 
    for (ptr = digits; *ptr; ptr++) {
        if (*ptr == 'w') {
            /* 'w' -- wait half a second */
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
            }
            res = my_sleep(chan, 500);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
            }
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else if (*ptr == 'h' || *ptr == 'H') {
            /* 'h' -- 2600 Hz for half a second, but
                only to far end of trunk, not near end */
            ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, "2600", 0);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_playtones_start(chan2, 0, "0", 0);
                ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
            }
            res = my_sleep(chan, 250);
            ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
                ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan2);
            }
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else if (strchr("0123456789*#ABCDabcdwWfF", *ptr)) {
            if (*ptr == 'f' || *ptr == 'F') {
                /* ignore return values if not supported by channel */
                ast_indicate(chan, AST_CONTROL_FLASH);
            } else if (*ptr == 'W') {
                /* ignore return values if not supported by channel */
                ast_indicate(chan, AST_CONTROL_WINK);
            } else {
                /* Character represents valid SF */
                int beeps;
                if (*ptr == '*') {
                    beeps = 11;
                } else if (*ptr == '#') {
                    beeps = 12;
                } else if (*ptr == 'D') {
                    beeps = 13;
                } else if (*ptr == 'C') {
                    beeps = 14;
                } else if (*ptr == 'B') {
                    beeps = 15;
                } else if (*ptr == 'A') {
                    beeps = 16;
                } else {
                    beeps = (*ptr == '0') ? 10 : *ptr - '0';
                }
                while (beeps-- > 0) {
                    ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, freq, 0);
                    if (chan2) {
                        ast_playtones_start(chan2, 0, freq, 0);
                        ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
                    }
                    res = my_sleep(chan, SF_ON + SF_OFF);
                    ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan);
                    if (chan2) {
                        ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
                        ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan2);
                    }
                    if (res) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            /* pause between digits */
            ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, "0", 0);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_playtones_start(chan2, 0, "0", 0);
                ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
            }
            res = my_sleep(chan, SF_BETWEEN);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
                ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan2);
            }
            ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan);
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Illegal SF character '%c' in string. (0-9A-DwWfFhH allowed)\n", *ptr);
        }
    }
 
sf_stream_cleanup:
    if (silgen) {
        ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan, silgen);
    }
    if (silgen2) {
        ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan2, silgen2);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
static int mf_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_channel *chan2, const char *digits, int between, unsigned int duration,
    unsigned int durationkp, unsigned int durationst, int is_external)
{
    const char *ptr;
    int res;
    struct ast_silence_generator *silgen = NULL, *silgen2 = NULL;
    int (*my_sleep)(struct ast_channel *chan, int ms);
 
    if (is_external) {
        my_sleep = external_sleep;
    } else {
        my_sleep = ast_safe_sleep;
    }
 
    if (!between) {
        between = 100;
    }
 
    /* Need a quiet time before sending digits. */
    if (ast_opt_transmit_silence) {
        silgen = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan);
        if (chan2) {
            silgen2 = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan2);
        }
    }
    if (chan2) {
        ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
    }
    res = my_sleep(chan, 100);
    if (chan2) {
        ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
    }
    if (res) {
        goto mf_stream_cleanup;
    }
 
    for (ptr = digits; *ptr; ptr++) {
        if (*ptr == 'w') {
            /* 'w' -- wait half a second */
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
            }
            res = my_sleep(chan, 500);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
            }
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else if (*ptr == 'h' || *ptr == 'H') {
            /* 'h' -- 2600 Hz for half a second, but
                only to far end of trunk, not near end */
            ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, "2600", 0);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_playtones_start(chan2, 0, "0", 0);
                ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
            }
            res = my_sleep(chan, 250);
            ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
                ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan2);
            }
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else if (strchr("0123456789*#ABCwWfF", *ptr)) {
            if (*ptr == 'f' || *ptr == 'F') {
                /* ignore return values if not supported by channel */
                ast_indicate(chan, AST_CONTROL_FLASH);
            } else if (*ptr == 'W') {
                /* ignore return values if not supported by channel */
                ast_indicate(chan, AST_CONTROL_WINK);
            } else {
                /* Character represents valid MF */
                ast_senddigit_mf(chan, *ptr, duration, durationkp, durationst, is_external);
                if (chan2) {
                    ast_senddigit_mf(chan2, *ptr, duration, durationkp, durationst, is_external);
                }
            }
            /* pause between digits */
            /* The DSP code in Asterisk does not currently properly receive repeated tones
                if no audio is sent in the middle. Simply sending audio (even 0 Hz)
                works around this limitation and guarantees the correct behavior.
                */
            ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, "0", 0);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_playtones_start(chan2, 0, "0", 0);
                ast_autoservice_start(chan2);
            }
            res = my_sleep(chan, between);
            ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan);
            if (chan2) {
                ast_autoservice_stop(chan2);
                ast_senddigit_mf_end(chan2);
            }
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Illegal MF character '%c' in string. (0-9*#ABCwWfFhH allowed)\n", *ptr);
        }
    }
 
mf_stream_cleanup:
    if (silgen) {
        ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan, silgen);
    }
    if (silgen2) {
        ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan2, silgen2);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
static int dtmf_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *digits, int between, unsigned int duration, int is_external)
{
    const char *ptr;
    int res;
    struct ast_silence_generator *silgen = NULL;
    int (*my_sleep)(struct ast_channel *chan, int ms);
    int (*my_senddigit)(struct ast_channel *chan, char digit, unsigned int duration);
 
    if (is_external) {
        my_sleep = external_sleep;
        my_senddigit = ast_senddigit_external;
    } else {
        my_sleep = ast_safe_sleep;
        my_senddigit = ast_senddigit;
    }
 
    if (!between) {
        between = 100;
    }
 
    /* Need a quiet time before sending digits. */
    if (ast_opt_transmit_silence) {
        silgen = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan);
    }
    res = my_sleep(chan, 100);
    if (res) {
        goto dtmf_stream_cleanup;
    }
 
    for (ptr = digits; *ptr; ptr++) {
        if (*ptr == 'w') {
            /* 'w' -- wait half a second */
            res = my_sleep(chan, 500);
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else if (*ptr == 'W') {
            /* 'W' -- wait a second */
            res = my_sleep(chan, 1000);
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else if (strchr("0123456789*#abcdfABCDF", *ptr)) {
            if (*ptr == 'f' || *ptr == 'F') {
                /* ignore return values if not supported by channel */
                ast_indicate(chan, AST_CONTROL_FLASH);
            } else {
                /* Character represents valid DTMF */
                my_senddigit(chan, *ptr, duration);
            }
            /* pause between digits */
            res = my_sleep(chan, between);
            if (res) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Illegal DTMF character '%c' in string. (0-9*#aAbBcCdD allowed)\n", *ptr);
        }
    }
 
dtmf_stream_cleanup:
    if (silgen) {
        ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan, silgen);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_sf_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_channel *peer, struct ast_channel *chan2, const char *digits, int frequency, int is_external)
{
    int res;
    if (frequency <= 0) {
        frequency = 2600;
    }
    if (!is_external && !chan2 && peer && ast_autoservice_start(peer)) {
        return -1;
    }
    res = sf_stream(chan, chan2, digits, frequency, is_external);
    if (!is_external && !chan2 && peer && ast_autoservice_stop(peer)) {
        res = -1;
    }
    return res;
}
 
int ast_mf_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_channel *peer, struct ast_channel *chan2, const char *digits,
    int between, unsigned int duration, unsigned int durationkp, unsigned int durationst, int is_external)
{
    int res;
    if (!is_external && !chan2 && peer && ast_autoservice_start(peer)) {
        return -1;
    }
    res = mf_stream(chan, chan2, digits, between, duration, durationkp, durationst, is_external);
    if (!is_external && !chan2 && peer && ast_autoservice_stop(peer)) {
        res = -1;
    }
    return res;
}
 
int ast_dtmf_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_channel *peer, const char *digits, int between, unsigned int duration)
{
    int res;
 
    if (peer && ast_autoservice_start(peer)) {
        return -1;
    }
    res = dtmf_stream(chan, digits, between, duration, 0);
    if (peer && ast_autoservice_stop(peer)) {
        res = -1;
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
void ast_dtmf_stream_external(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *digits, int between, unsigned int duration)
{
    dtmf_stream(chan, digits, between, duration, 1);
}
 
struct linear_state {
    int fd;
    int autoclose;
    int allowoverride;
    struct ast_format *origwfmt;
};
 
static void linear_release(struct ast_channel *chan, void *params)
{
    struct linear_state *ls = params;
 
    if (ls->origwfmt && ast_set_write_format(chan, ls->origwfmt)) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to restore channel '%s' to format '%s'\n",
            ast_channel_name(chan), ast_format_get_name(ls->origwfmt));
    }
    ao2_cleanup(ls->origwfmt);
 
    if (ls->autoclose) {
        close(ls->fd);
    }
 
    ast_free(params);
}
 
static int linear_generator(struct ast_channel *chan, void *data, int len, int samples)
{
    short buf[2048 + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET / 2];
    struct linear_state *ls = data;
    struct ast_frame f = {
        .frametype = AST_FRAME_VOICE,
        .data.ptr = buf + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET / 2,
        .offset = AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET,
    };
    int res;
 
    f.subclass.format = ast_format_slin;
 
    len = samples * 2;
    if (len > sizeof(buf) - AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Can't generate %d bytes of data!\n" , len);
        len = sizeof(buf) - AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
    }
    res = read(ls->fd, buf + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET/2, len);
    if (res > 0) {
        f.datalen = res;
        f.samples = res / 2;
        ast_write(chan, &f);
        if (res == len) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
 
static void *linear_alloc(struct ast_channel *chan, void *params)
{
    struct linear_state *ls = params;
 
    if (!params) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    /* In this case, params is already malloc'd */
    if (ls->allowoverride) {
        ast_set_flag(ast_channel_flags(chan), AST_FLAG_WRITE_INT);
    } else {
        ast_clear_flag(ast_channel_flags(chan), AST_FLAG_WRITE_INT);
    }
 
    ls->origwfmt = ao2_bump(ast_channel_writeformat(chan));
 
    if (ast_set_write_format(chan, ast_format_slin)) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to set '%s' to linear format (write)\n", ast_channel_name(chan));
        ao2_cleanup(ls->origwfmt);
        ast_free(ls);
        ls = params = NULL;
    }
 
    return params;
}
 
static struct ast_generator linearstream =
{
    .alloc = linear_alloc,
    .release = linear_release,
    .generate = linear_generator,
};
 
int ast_linear_stream(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *filename, int fd, int allowoverride)
{
    struct linear_state *lin;
    char tmpf[256];
    int autoclose = 0;
 
    if (fd < 0) {
        if (ast_strlen_zero(filename)) {
            return -1;
        }
 
        autoclose = 1;
 
        if (filename[0] == '/') {
            ast_copy_string(tmpf, filename, sizeof(tmpf));
        } else {
            snprintf(tmpf, sizeof(tmpf), "%s/%s/%s", ast_config_AST_DATA_DIR, "sounds", filename);
        }
 
        fd = open(tmpf, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to open file '%s': %s\n", tmpf, strerror(errno));
            return -1;
        }
    }
 
    lin = ast_calloc(1, sizeof(*lin));
    if (!lin) {
        if (autoclose) {
            close(fd);
        }
 
        return -1;
    }
 
    lin->fd = fd;
    lin->allowoverride = allowoverride;
    lin->autoclose = autoclose;
 
    return ast_activate_generator(chan, &linearstream, lin);
}
 
static int control_streamfile(struct ast_channel *chan,
    const char *file,
    const char *fwd,
    const char *rev,
    const char *stop,
    const char *suspend,
    const char *restart,
    int skipms,
    long *offsetms,
    const char *lang,
    ast_waitstream_fr_cb cb)
{
    char *breaks = NULL;
    char *end = NULL;
    int blen = 2;
    int res;
    long pause_restart_point = 0;
    long offset = 0;
    struct ast_silence_generator *silgen = NULL;
 
    if (!file) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (offsetms) {
        offset = *offsetms * 8; /* XXX Assumes 8kHz */
    }
    if (lang == NULL) {
        lang = ast_channel_language(chan);
    }
 
    if (stop) {
        blen += strlen(stop);
    }
    if (suspend) {
        blen += strlen(suspend);
    }
    if (restart) {
        blen += strlen(restart);
    }
 
    if (blen > 2) {
        breaks = ast_alloca(blen + 1);
        breaks[0] = '\0';
        if (stop) {
            strcat(breaks, stop);
        }
        if (suspend) {
            strcat(breaks, suspend);
        }
        if (restart) {
            strcat(breaks, restart);
        }
    }
 
    if ((end = strchr(file, ':'))) {
        if (!strcasecmp(end, ":end")) {
            *end = '\0';
            end++;
        } else {
            end = NULL;
        }
    }
 
    for (;;) {
        ast_stopstream(chan);
        res = ast_streamfile(chan, file, lang);
        if (!res) {
            if (pause_restart_point) {
                ast_seekstream(ast_channel_stream(chan), pause_restart_point, SEEK_SET);
                pause_restart_point = 0;
            }
            else if (end || offset < 0) {
                if (offset == -8) {
                    offset = 0;
                }
                ast_verb(3, "ControlPlayback seek to offset %ld from end\n", offset);
 
                ast_seekstream(ast_channel_stream(chan), offset, SEEK_END);
                end = NULL;
                offset = 0;
            } else if (offset) {
                ast_verb(3, "ControlPlayback seek to offset %ld\n", offset);
                ast_seekstream(ast_channel_stream(chan), offset, SEEK_SET);
                offset = 0;
            }
            if (cb) {
                res = ast_waitstream_fr_w_cb(chan, breaks, fwd, rev, skipms, cb);
            } else {
                res = ast_waitstream_fr(chan, breaks, fwd, rev, skipms);
            }
        }
 
        if (res < 1) {
            break;
        }
 
        /* We go at next loop if we got the restart char */
        if ((restart && strchr(restart, res)) || res == AST_CONTROL_STREAM_RESTART) {
            ast_debug(1, "we'll restart the stream here at next loop\n");
            pause_restart_point = 0;
            ast_test_suite_event_notify("PLAYBACK","Channel: %s\r\n"
                "Control: %s\r\n",
                ast_channel_name(chan),
                "Restart");
            continue;
        }
 
        if ((suspend && strchr(suspend, res)) || res == AST_CONTROL_STREAM_SUSPEND) {
            pause_restart_point = ast_tellstream(ast_channel_stream(chan));
 
            if (ast_opt_transmit_silence) {
                silgen = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan);
            }
            ast_test_suite_event_notify("PLAYBACK","Channel: %s\r\n"
                "Control: %s\r\n",
                ast_channel_name(chan),
                "Pause");
            for (;;) {
                ast_stopstream(chan);
                if (!(res = ast_waitfordigit(chan, 1000))) {
                    continue;
                } else if (res == -1 || (suspend && strchr(suspend, res)) || (stop && strchr(stop, res))
                        || res == AST_CONTROL_STREAM_SUSPEND || res == AST_CONTROL_STREAM_STOP) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (silgen) {
                ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan, silgen);
                silgen = NULL;
            }
 
            if ((suspend && (res == *suspend)) || res == AST_CONTROL_STREAM_SUSPEND) {
                res = 0;
                ast_test_suite_event_notify("PLAYBACK","Channel: %s\r\n"
                    "Control: %s\r\n",
                    ast_channel_name(chan),
                    "Unpause");
                continue;
            }
        }
 
        if (res == -1) {
            break;
        }
 
        /* if we get one of our stop chars, return it to the calling function */
        if ((stop && strchr(stop, res)) || res == AST_CONTROL_STREAM_STOP) {
            ast_test_suite_event_notify("PLAYBACK","Channel: %s\r\n"
                "Control: %s\r\n",
                ast_channel_name(chan),
                "Stop");
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (pause_restart_point) {
        offset = pause_restart_point;
    } else {
        if (ast_channel_stream(chan)) {
            offset = ast_tellstream(ast_channel_stream(chan));
        } else {
            offset = -8;  /* indicate end of file */
        }
    }
 
    if (offsetms) {
        *offsetms = offset / 8; /* samples --> ms ... XXX Assumes 8 kHz */
    }
 
    ast_stopstream(chan);
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_control_streamfile_w_cb(struct ast_channel *chan,
    const char *file,
    const char *fwd,
    const char *rev,
    const char *stop,
    const char *suspend,
    const char *restart,
    int skipms,
    long *offsetms,
    ast_waitstream_fr_cb cb)
{
    return control_streamfile(chan, file, fwd, rev, stop, suspend, restart, skipms, offsetms, NULL, cb);
}
 
int ast_control_streamfile(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *file,
               const char *fwd, const char *rev,
               const char *stop, const char *suspend,
               const char *restart, int skipms, long *offsetms)
{
    return control_streamfile(chan, file, fwd, rev, stop, suspend, restart, skipms, offsetms, NULL, NULL);
}
 
int ast_control_streamfile_lang(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *file,
    const char *fwd, const char *rev, const char *stop, const char *suspend,
    const char *restart, int skipms, const char *lang, long *offsetms)
{
    return control_streamfile(chan, file, fwd, rev, stop, suspend, restart, skipms, offsetms, lang, NULL);
}
 
enum control_tone_frame_response_result {
    CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FAILED = -1,
    CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_NORMAL = 0,
    CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FINISHED = 1,
};
 
static enum control_tone_frame_response_result control_tone_frame_response(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_frame *fr, struct ast_tone_zone_sound *ts, const char *tone, int *paused)
{
    switch (fr->subclass.integer) {
    case AST_CONTROL_STREAM_STOP:
        ast_playtones_stop(chan);
        return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FINISHED;
    case AST_CONTROL_STREAM_SUSPEND:
        if (*paused) {
            *paused = 0;
            if (ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, ts ? ts->data : tone, 0)) {
                return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FAILED;
            }
        } else {
            *paused = 1;
            ast_playtones_stop(chan);
        }
        return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_NORMAL;
    case AST_CONTROL_STREAM_RESTART:
        ast_playtones_stop(chan);
        if (ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, ts ? ts->data : tone, 0)) {
            return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FAILED;
        }
        return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_NORMAL;
    case AST_CONTROL_STREAM_REVERSE:
        ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Media control operation 'reverse' not supported for media type 'tone'\n");
        return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_NORMAL;
    case AST_CONTROL_STREAM_FORWARD:
        ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Media control operation 'forward' not supported for media type 'tone'\n");
        return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_NORMAL;
    case AST_CONTROL_HANGUP:
    case AST_CONTROL_BUSY:
    case AST_CONTROL_CONGESTION:
        return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FINISHED;
    }
 
    return CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_NORMAL;
}
 
static int parse_tone_uri(char *tone_parser,
    const char **tone_indication,
    const char **tone_zone)
{
    *tone_indication = strsep(&tone_parser, ";");
 
    if (ast_strlen_zero(tone_parser)) {
        /* Only the indication is included */
        return 0;
    }
 
    if (!(strncmp(tone_parser, "tonezone=", 9))) {
        *tone_zone = tone_parser + 9;
    } else {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Unexpected Tone URI component: %s\n", tone_parser);
        return -1;
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
int ast_control_tone(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *tone)
{
    struct ast_tone_zone *zone = NULL;
    struct ast_tone_zone_sound *ts;
    int paused = 0;
    int res = 0;
 
    const char *tone_indication = NULL;
    const char *tone_zone = NULL;
    char *tone_uri_parser;
 
    if (ast_strlen_zero(tone)) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    tone_uri_parser = ast_strdupa(tone);
 
    if (parse_tone_uri(tone_uri_parser, &tone_indication, &tone_zone)) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    if (tone_zone) {
        zone = ast_get_indication_zone(tone_zone);
    }
 
    ts = ast_get_indication_tone(zone ? zone : ast_channel_zone(chan), tone_indication);
 
    if (ast_playtones_start(chan, 0, ts ? ts->data : tone_indication, 0)) {
        res = -1;
    }
 
    while (!res) {
        struct ast_frame *fr;
 
        if (ast_waitfor(chan, -1) < 0) {
            res = -1;
            break;
        }
 
        fr = ast_read_noaudio(chan);
 
        if (!fr) {
            res = -1;
            break;
        }
 
        if (fr->frametype != AST_FRAME_CONTROL) {
            continue;
        }
 
        res = control_tone_frame_response(chan, fr, ts, tone_indication, &paused);
        if (res == CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FINISHED) {
            res = 0;
            break;
        } else if (res == CONTROL_TONE_RESPONSE_FAILED) {
            res = -1;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (ts) {
        ast_tone_zone_sound_unref(ts);
    }
 
    if (zone) {
        ast_tone_zone_unref(zone);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_play_and_wait(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *fn)
{
    int d = 0;
 
    if ((d = ast_streamfile(chan, fn, ast_channel_language(chan)))) {
        return d;
    }
 
    d = ast_waitstream(chan, AST_DIGIT_ANY);
 
    ast_stopstream(chan);
 
    return d;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Construct a silence frame of the same duration as \a orig.
 *
 * The \a orig frame must be \ref ast_format_slin.
 *
 * \param orig Frame as basis for silence to generate.
 * \return New frame of silence; free with ast_frfree().
 * \retval NULL on error.
 */
static struct ast_frame *make_silence(const struct ast_frame *orig)
{
    struct ast_frame *silence;
    size_t size;
    size_t datalen;
    size_t samples = 0;
 
    if (!orig) {
        return NULL;
    }
    do {
        if (ast_format_cmp(orig->subclass.format, ast_format_slin) == AST_FORMAT_CMP_NOT_EQUAL) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Attempting to silence non-slin frame\n");
            return NULL;
        }
 
        samples += orig->samples;
 
        orig = AST_LIST_NEXT(orig, frame_list);
    } while (orig);
 
    ast_verb(4, "Silencing %zu samples\n", samples);
 
 
    datalen = sizeof(short) * samples;
    size = sizeof(*silence) + datalen;
    silence = ast_calloc(1, size);
    if (!silence) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    silence->mallocd = AST_MALLOCD_HDR;
    silence->frametype = AST_FRAME_VOICE;
    silence->data.ptr = (void *)(silence + 1);
    silence->samples = samples;
    silence->datalen = datalen;
 
    silence->subclass.format = ao2_bump(ast_format_slin);
 
    return silence;
}
 
/*!
 * \brief Sets a channel's read format to \ref ast_format_slin, recording
 * its original format.
 *
 * \param chan Channel to modify.
 * \param[out] orig_format Output variable to store channel's original read
 *                         format.
 * \return 0 on success.
 * \return -1 on error.
 */
static int set_read_to_slin(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_format **orig_format)
{
    if (!chan || !orig_format) {
        return -1;
    }
    *orig_format = ao2_bump(ast_channel_readformat(chan));
    return ast_set_read_format(chan, ast_format_slin);
}
 
static int global_silence_threshold = 128;
static int global_maxsilence = 0;
 
/*! Optionally play a sound file or a beep, then record audio and video from the channel.
 * \param chan Channel to playback to/record from.
 * \param playfile Filename of sound to play before recording begins.
 * \param recordfile Filename to record to.
 * \param maxtime Maximum length of recording (in seconds).
 * \param fmt Format(s) to record message in. Multiple formats may be specified by separating them with a '|'.
 * \param duration Where to store actual length of the recorded message (in milliseconds).
 * \param sound_duration Where to store the length of the recorded message (in milliseconds), minus any silence
 * \param beep Whether to play a beep before starting to record.
 * \param silencethreshold
 * \param maxsilence Length of silence that will end a recording (in milliseconds).
 * \param path Optional filesystem path to unlock.
 * \param prepend If true, prepend the recorded audio to an existing file and follow prepend mode recording rules
 * \param acceptdtmf DTMF digits that will end the recording.
 * \param canceldtmf DTMF digits that will cancel the recording.
 * \param skip_confirmation_sound If true, don't play auth-thankyou at end. Nice for custom recording prompts in apps.
 * \param if_exists
 *
 * \retval -1 failure or hangup
 * \retval 'S' Recording ended from silence timeout
 * \retval 't' Recording ended from the message exceeding the maximum duration, or via DTMF in prepend mode
 * \retval dtmfchar Recording ended via the return value's DTMF character for either cancel or accept.
 */
static int __ast_play_and_record(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *playfile,
    const char *recordfile, int maxtime, const char *fmt, int *duration,
    int *sound_duration, int beep, int silencethreshold, int maxsilence,
    const char *path, int prepend, const char *acceptdtmf, const char *canceldtmf,
    int skip_confirmation_sound, enum ast_record_if_exists if_exists)
{
    int d = 0;
    char *fmts;
    char comment[256];
    int x, fmtcnt = 1, res = -1, outmsg = 0;
    struct ast_filestream *others[AST_MAX_FORMATS];
    const char *sfmt[AST_MAX_FORMATS];
    char *stringp = NULL;
    time_t start, end;
    struct ast_dsp *sildet = NULL;   /* silence detector dsp */
    int totalsilence = 0;
    int dspsilence = 0;
    int olddspsilence = 0;
    struct ast_format *rfmt = NULL;
    struct ast_silence_generator *silgen = NULL;
    char prependfile[PATH_MAX];
    int ioflags;    /* IO flags for writing output file */
    SCOPE_ENTER(3, "%s: play: '%s'  record: '%s'  path: '%s'  prepend: %d\n",
        ast_channel_name(chan), playfile, recordfile, path, prepend);
 
    ioflags = O_CREAT|O_WRONLY;
 
    switch (if_exists) {
    case AST_RECORD_IF_EXISTS_FAIL:
        ioflags |= O_EXCL;
        break;
    case AST_RECORD_IF_EXISTS_OVERWRITE:
        ioflags |= O_TRUNC;
        break;
    case AST_RECORD_IF_EXISTS_APPEND:
        ioflags |= O_APPEND;
        break;
    case AST_RECORD_IF_EXISTS_ERROR:
        ast_assert(0);
        break;
    }
 
    if (silencethreshold < 0) {
        silencethreshold = global_silence_threshold;
    }
 
    if (maxsilence < 0) {
        maxsilence = global_maxsilence;
    }
 
    /* barf if no pointer passed to store duration in */
    if (!duration) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Error play_and_record called without duration pointer\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    ast_debug(1, "play_and_record: %s, %s, '%s'\n", playfile ? playfile : "<None>", recordfile, fmt);
    snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment), "Playing %s, Recording to: %s on %s\n", playfile ? playfile : "<None>", recordfile, ast_channel_name(chan));
 
    if (playfile || beep) {
        if (!beep) {
            ast_trace(-1, "Playing '%s' to '%s'\n", playfile, ast_channel_name(chan));
            d = ast_play_and_wait(chan, playfile);
        }
        if (d > -1) {
            ast_trace(-1, "Playing 'beep' to '%s'\n", ast_channel_name(chan));
            d = ast_stream_and_wait(chan, "beep", "");
        }
        if (d < 0) {
            SCOPE_EXIT_RTN_VALUE(-1, "Failed to play. RC: %d\n", d);
        }
    }
 
    if (prepend) {
        ast_copy_string(prependfile, recordfile, sizeof(prependfile));
        strncat(prependfile, "-prepend", sizeof(prependfile) - strlen(prependfile) - 1);
        ast_trace(-1, "Prepending to '%s'\n", prependfile);
    }
 
    fmts = ast_strdupa(fmt);
 
    stringp = fmts;
    strsep(&stringp, "|");
    ast_debug(1, "Recording Formats: sfmts=%s\n", fmts);
    sfmt[0] = ast_strdupa(fmts);
 
    while ((fmt = strsep(&stringp, "|"))) {
        if (fmtcnt > AST_MAX_FORMATS - 1) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Please increase AST_MAX_FORMATS in file.h\n");
            break;
        }
        /*
         * Storage for 'fmt' is on the stack and held by 'fmts', which is maintained for
         * the rest of this function. So okay to not duplicate 'fmt' here, but only keep
         * a pointer to it.
         */
        sfmt[fmtcnt++] = fmt;
    }
 
    end = start = time(NULL);  /* pre-initialize end to be same as start in case we never get into loop */
    for (x = 0; x < fmtcnt; x++) {
        others[x] = ast_writefile(prepend ? prependfile : recordfile, sfmt[x], comment, ioflags, 0, AST_FILE_MODE);
        ast_trace(-1, "x=%d, open writing:  %s format: %s, %p\n", x, prepend ? prependfile : recordfile, sfmt[x], others[x]);
 
        if (!others[x]) {
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (path) {
        ast_unlock_path(path);
    }
 
    if (maxsilence > 0) {
        sildet = ast_dsp_new(); /* Create the silence detector */
        if (!sildet) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to create silence detector :(\n");
            return -1;
        }
        ast_dsp_set_threshold(sildet, silencethreshold);
        res = set_read_to_slin(chan, &rfmt);
        if (res < 0) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to set to linear mode, giving up\n");
            ast_dsp_free(sildet);
            ao2_cleanup(rfmt);
            return -1;
        }
    }
 
    if (!prepend) {
        /* Request a video update */
        ast_indicate(chan, AST_CONTROL_VIDUPDATE);
 
        if (ast_opt_transmit_silence) {
            silgen = ast_channel_start_silence_generator(chan);
        }
    }
 
    if (x == fmtcnt) {
        /* Loop, writing the packets we read to the writer(s), until
         * we have reason to stop. */
        struct ast_frame *f;
        int paused = 0;
        int muted = 0;
        time_t pause_start = 0;
        int paused_secs = 0;
        int pausedsilence = 0;
 
        for (;;) {
            if (!(res = ast_waitfor(chan, 2000))) {
                ast_debug(1, "One waitfor failed, trying another\n");
                /* Try one more time in case of masq */
                if (!(res = ast_waitfor(chan, 2000))) {
                    ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "No audio available on %s??\n", ast_channel_name(chan));
                    res = -1;
                }
            }
 
            if (res < 0) {
                f = NULL;
                break;
            }
            if (!(f = ast_read(chan))) {
                break;
            }
            if (f->frametype == AST_FRAME_VOICE) {
                /* write each format */
                if (paused) {
                    /* It's all good */
                    res = 0;
                } else {
                    struct ast_frame *silence = NULL;
                    struct ast_frame *orig = f;
 
                    if (muted) {
                        silence = make_silence(orig);
                        if (!silence) {
                            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Error creating silence\n");
                            break;
                        }
                        f = silence;
                    }
                    for (x = 0; x < fmtcnt; x++) {
                        if (prepend && !others[x]) {
                            break;
                        }
                        res = ast_writestream(others[x], f);
                    }
                    ast_frame_dtor(silence);
                    f = orig;
                }
 
                /* Silence Detection */
                if (maxsilence > 0) {
                    dspsilence = 0;
                    ast_dsp_silence(sildet, f, &dspsilence);
                    if (olddspsilence > dspsilence) {
                        totalsilence += olddspsilence;
                    }
                    olddspsilence = dspsilence;
 
                    if (paused) {
                        /* record how much silence there was while we are paused */
                        pausedsilence = dspsilence;
                    } else if (dspsilence > pausedsilence) {
                        /* ignore the paused silence */
                        dspsilence -= pausedsilence;
                    } else {
                        /* dspsilence has reset, reset pausedsilence */
                        pausedsilence = 0;
                    }
 
                    if (dspsilence > maxsilence) {
                        /* Ended happily with silence */
                        ast_verb(3, "Recording automatically stopped after a silence of %d seconds\n", dspsilence/1000);
                        res = 'S';
                        outmsg = 2;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                /* Exit on any error */
                if (res) {
                    ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Error writing frame\n");
                    break;
                }
            } else if (f->frametype == AST_FRAME_VIDEO) {
                /* Write only once */
                ast_writestream(others[0], f);
            } else if (f->frametype == AST_FRAME_DTMF) {
                if (prepend) {
                /* stop recording with any digit */
                    ast_verb(3, "User ended message by pressing %c\n", f->subclass.integer);
                    res = 't';
                    outmsg = 2;
                    break;
                }
                if (strchr(acceptdtmf, f->subclass.integer)) {
                    ast_verb(3, "User ended message by pressing %c\n", f->subclass.integer);
                    res = f->subclass.integer;
                    outmsg = 2;
                    break;
                }
                if (strchr(canceldtmf, f->subclass.integer)) {
                    ast_verb(3, "User canceled message by pressing %c\n", f->subclass.integer);
                    res = f->subclass.integer;
                    outmsg = 0;
                    break;
                }
            } else if (f->frametype == AST_FRAME_CONTROL) {
                if (f->subclass.integer == AST_CONTROL_RECORD_CANCEL) {
                    ast_verb(3, "Message canceled by control\n");
                    outmsg = 0; /* cancels the recording */
                    res = 0;
                    break;
                } else if (f->subclass.integer == AST_CONTROL_RECORD_STOP) {
                    ast_verb(3, "Message ended by control\n");
                    res = 0;
                    break;
                } else if (f->subclass.integer == AST_CONTROL_RECORD_SUSPEND) {
                    paused = !paused;
                    ast_verb(3, "Message %spaused by control\n",
                        paused ? "" : "un");
                    if (paused) {
                        pause_start = time(NULL);
                    } else {
                        paused_secs += time(NULL) - pause_start;
                    }
                } else if (f->subclass.integer == AST_CONTROL_RECORD_MUTE) {
                    muted = !muted;
                    ast_verb(3, "Message %smuted by control\n",
                        muted ? "" : "un");
                    /* We can only silence slin frames, so
                     * set the mode, if we haven't already
                     * for sildet
                     */
                    if (muted && !rfmt) {
                        ast_verb(3, "Setting read format to linear mode\n");
                        res = set_read_to_slin(chan, &rfmt);
                        if (res < 0) {
                            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to set to linear mode, giving up\n");
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (maxtime && !paused) {
                end = time(NULL);
                if (maxtime < (end - start - paused_secs)) {
                    ast_verb(3, "Took too long, cutting it short...\n");
                    res = 't';
                    outmsg = 2;
                    break;
                }
            }
            ast_frfree(f);
        }
        if (!f) {
            ast_verb(3, "User hung up\n");
            res = -1;
            outmsg = 1;
        } else {
            ast_frfree(f);
        }
    } else {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Error creating writestream '%s', format '%s'\n", recordfile, sfmt[x]);
    }
 
    if (!prepend) {
        if (silgen) {
            ast_channel_stop_silence_generator(chan, silgen);
        }
    }
 
    /*!\note
     * Instead of asking how much time passed (end - start), calculate the number
     * of seconds of audio which actually went into the file.  This fixes a
     * problem where audio is stopped up on the network and never gets to us.
     *
     * Note that we still want to use the number of seconds passed for the max
     * message, otherwise we could get a situation where this stream is never
     * closed (which would create a resource leak).
     */
    *duration = others[0] ? ast_tellstream(others[0]) / 8000 : 0;
    if (sound_duration) {
        *sound_duration = *duration;
    }
 
    if (!prepend) {
        /* Reduce duration by a total silence amount */
        if (olddspsilence <= dspsilence) {
            totalsilence += dspsilence;
        }
 
        if (sound_duration) {
            if (totalsilence > 0) {
                *sound_duration -= (totalsilence - 200) / 1000;
            }
            if (*sound_duration < 0) {
                *sound_duration = 0;
            }
        }
 
        if (dspsilence > 0) {
            *duration -= (dspsilence - 200) / 1000;
        }
 
        if (*duration < 0) {
            *duration = 0;
        }
 
        for (x = 0; x < fmtcnt; x++) {
            if (!others[x]) {
                break;
            }
            /*!\note
             * If we ended with silence, trim all but the first 200ms of silence
             * off the recording.  However, if we ended with '#', we don't want
             * to trim ANY part of the recording.
             */
            if (res > 0 && dspsilence) {
                /* rewind only the trailing silence */
                ast_stream_rewind(others[x], dspsilence - 200);
            }
            ast_truncstream(others[x]);
            ast_closestream(others[x]);
        }
    } else if (prepend && outmsg) {
        struct ast_filestream *realfiles[AST_MAX_FORMATS];
        struct ast_frame *fr;
 
        for (x = 0; x < fmtcnt; x++) {
            snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment), "Opening the real file %s.%s\n", recordfile, sfmt[x]);
            realfiles[x] = ast_readfile(recordfile, sfmt[x], comment, O_RDONLY, 0, 0);
            if (!others[x]) {
                break;
            }
            if (!realfiles[x]) {
                ast_closestream(others[x]);
                continue;
            }
            /*!\note Same logic as above. */
            if (dspsilence) {
                ast_stream_rewind(others[x], dspsilence - 200);
            }
            ast_truncstream(others[x]);
            /* add the original file too */
            while ((fr = ast_readframe(realfiles[x]))) {
                ast_writestream(others[x], fr);
                ast_frfree(fr);
            }
            ast_closestream(others[x]);
            ast_closestream(realfiles[x]);
            ast_filerename(prependfile, recordfile, sfmt[x]);
            ast_trace(-1, "Recording Format: sfmts=%s, prependfile %s, recordfile %s\n", sfmt[x], prependfile, recordfile);
            ast_trace(-1, "Deleting the prepend file %s.%s\n", recordfile, sfmt[x]);
            ast_filedelete(prependfile, sfmt[x]);
        }
    } else {
        for (x = 0; x < fmtcnt; x++) {
            if (!others[x]) {
                break;
            }
            ast_closestream(others[x]);
        }
    }
 
    if (rfmt && ast_set_read_format(chan, rfmt)) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to restore format %s to channel '%s'\n", ast_format_get_name(rfmt), ast_channel_name(chan));
    }
    ao2_cleanup(rfmt);
    if ((outmsg == 2) && (!skip_confirmation_sound)) {
        ast_stream_and_wait(chan, "auth-thankyou", "");
    }
    if (sildet) {
        ast_dsp_free(sildet);
    }
    SCOPE_EXIT_RTN_VALUE(res, "Done.  RC: %d\n", res);
}
 
static const char default_acceptdtmf[] = "#";
static const char default_canceldtmf[] = "";
 
int ast_play_and_record_full(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *playfile, const char *recordfile, int maxtime, const char *fmt, int *duration, int *sound_duration, int beep, int silencethreshold, int maxsilence, const char *path, const char *acceptdtmf, const char *canceldtmf, int skip_confirmation_sound, enum ast_record_if_exists if_exists)
{
    return __ast_play_and_record(chan, playfile, recordfile, maxtime, fmt, duration, sound_duration, beep, silencethreshold, maxsilence, path, 0, S_OR(acceptdtmf, ""), S_OR(canceldtmf, default_canceldtmf), skip_confirmation_sound, if_exists);
}
 
int ast_play_and_record(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *playfile, const char *recordfile, int maxtime, const char *fmt, int *duration, int *sound_duration, int silencethreshold, int maxsilence, const char *path)
{
    return __ast_play_and_record(chan, playfile, recordfile, maxtime, fmt, duration, sound_duration, 0, silencethreshold, maxsilence, path, 0, default_acceptdtmf, default_canceldtmf, 0, AST_RECORD_IF_EXISTS_OVERWRITE);
}
 
int ast_play_and_prepend(struct ast_channel *chan, char *playfile, char *recordfile, int maxtime, char *fmt, int *duration, int *sound_duration, int beep, int silencethreshold, int maxsilence)
{
    return __ast_play_and_record(chan, playfile, recordfile, maxtime, fmt, duration, sound_duration, beep, silencethreshold, maxsilence, NULL, 1, default_acceptdtmf, default_canceldtmf, 1, AST_RECORD_IF_EXISTS_OVERWRITE);
}
 
/* Channel group core functions */
 
int ast_app_group_split_group(const char *data, char *group, int group_max, char *category, int category_max)
{
    int res = 0;
    char tmp[256];
    char *grp = NULL, *cat = NULL;
 
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(data)) {
        ast_copy_string(tmp, data, sizeof(tmp));
        grp = tmp;
        if ((cat = strchr(tmp, '@'))) {
            *cat++ = '\0';
        }
    }
 
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(grp)) {
        ast_copy_string(group, grp, group_max);
    } else {
        *group = '\0';
    }
 
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(cat)) {
        ast_copy_string(category, cat, category_max);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_group_set_channel(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *data)
{
    int res = 0;
    char group[80] = "", category[80] = "";
    struct ast_group_info *gi = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
 
    if (ast_app_group_split_group(data, group, sizeof(group), category, sizeof(category))) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    /* Calculate memory we will need if this is new */
    len = sizeof(*gi) + strlen(group) + 1;
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(category)) {
        len += strlen(category) + 1;
    }
 
    AST_RWLIST_WRLOCK(&groups);
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&groups, gi, group_list) {
        if ((gi->chan == chan) && ((ast_strlen_zero(category) && ast_strlen_zero(gi->category)) || (!ast_strlen_zero(gi->category) && !strcasecmp(gi->category, category)))) {
            AST_RWLIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(group_list);
            ast_free(gi);
            break;
        }
    }
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END;
 
    if (ast_strlen_zero(group)) {
        /* Enable unsetting the group */
    } else if ((gi = ast_calloc(1, len))) {
        gi->chan = chan;
        gi->group = (char *) gi + sizeof(*gi);
        strcpy(gi->group, group);
        if (!ast_strlen_zero(category)) {
            gi->category = (char *) gi + sizeof(*gi) + strlen(group) + 1;
            strcpy(gi->category, category);
        }
        AST_RWLIST_INSERT_TAIL(&groups, gi, group_list);
    } else {
        res = -1;
    }
 
    AST_RWLIST_UNLOCK(&groups);
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_group_get_count(const char *group, const char *category)
{
    struct ast_group_info *gi = NULL;
    int count = 0;
 
    if (ast_strlen_zero(group)) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    AST_RWLIST_RDLOCK(&groups);
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE(&groups, gi, group_list) {
        if (!strcasecmp(gi->group, group) && (ast_strlen_zero(category) || (!ast_strlen_zero(gi->category) && !strcasecmp(gi->category, category)))) {
            count++;
        }
    }
    AST_RWLIST_UNLOCK(&groups);
 
    return count;
}
 
int ast_app_group_match_get_count(const char *groupmatch, const char *category)
{
    struct ast_group_info *gi = NULL;
    regex_t regexbuf_group;
    regex_t regexbuf_category;
    int count = 0;
 
    if (ast_strlen_zero(groupmatch)) {
        ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "groupmatch empty\n");
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* if regex compilation fails, return zero matches */
    if (regcomp(&regexbuf_group, groupmatch, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB)) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Regex compile failed on: %s\n", groupmatch);
        return 0;
    }
 
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(category) && regcomp(&regexbuf_category, category, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB)) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Regex compile failed on: %s\n", category);
        regfree(&regexbuf_group);
        return 0;
    }
 
    AST_RWLIST_RDLOCK(&groups);
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE(&groups, gi, group_list) {
        if (!regexec(&regexbuf_group, gi->group, 0, NULL, 0) && (ast_strlen_zero(category) || (!ast_strlen_zero(gi->category) && !regexec(&regexbuf_category, gi->category, 0, NULL, 0)))) {
            count++;
        }
    }
    AST_RWLIST_UNLOCK(&groups);
 
    regfree(&regexbuf_group);
    if (!ast_strlen_zero(category)) {
        regfree(&regexbuf_category);
    }
 
    return count;
}
 
int ast_app_group_update(struct ast_channel *old, struct ast_channel *new)
{
    struct ast_group_info *gi = NULL;
 
    AST_RWLIST_WRLOCK(&groups);
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&groups, gi, group_list) {
        if (gi->chan == old) {
            gi->chan = new;
        } else if (gi->chan == new) {
            AST_RWLIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(group_list);
            ast_free(gi);
        }
    }
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END;
    AST_RWLIST_UNLOCK(&groups);
 
    return 0;
}
 
int ast_app_group_discard(struct ast_channel *chan)
{
    struct ast_group_info *gi = NULL;
 
    AST_RWLIST_WRLOCK(&groups);
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&groups, gi, group_list) {
        if (gi->chan == chan) {
            AST_RWLIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(group_list);
            ast_free(gi);
        }
    }
    AST_RWLIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END;
    AST_RWLIST_UNLOCK(&groups);
 
    return 0;
}
 
int ast_app_group_list_wrlock(void)
{
    return AST_RWLIST_WRLOCK(&groups);
}
 
int ast_app_group_list_rdlock(void)
{
    return AST_RWLIST_RDLOCK(&groups);
}
 
struct ast_group_info *ast_app_group_list_head(void)
{
    return AST_RWLIST_FIRST(&groups);
}
 
int ast_app_group_list_unlock(void)
{
    return AST_RWLIST_UNLOCK(&groups);
}
 
unsigned int __ast_app_separate_args(char *buf, char delim, int remove_chars, char **array, int arraylen)
{
    int argc;
    char *scan, *wasdelim = NULL;
    int paren = 0, quote = 0, bracket = 0;
 
    if (!array || !arraylen) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    memset(array, 0, arraylen * sizeof(*array));
 
    if (!buf) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    scan = buf;
 
    for (argc = 0; *scan && (argc < arraylen - 1); argc++) {
        array[argc] = scan;
        for (; *scan; scan++) {
            if (*scan == '(') {
                paren++;
            } else if (*scan == ')') {
                if (paren) {
                    paren--;
                }
            } else if (*scan == '[') {
                bracket++;
            } else if (*scan == ']') {
                if (bracket) {
                    bracket--;
                }
            } else if (*scan == '"' && delim != '"') {
                quote = quote ? 0 : 1;
                if (remove_chars) {
                    /* Remove quote character from argument */
                    memmove(scan, scan + 1, strlen(scan));
                    scan--;
                }
            } else if (*scan == '\\') {
                if (remove_chars) {
                    /* Literal character, don't parse */
                    memmove(scan, scan + 1, strlen(scan));
                } else {
                    scan++;
                }
            } else if ((*scan == delim) && !paren && !quote && !bracket) {
                wasdelim = scan;
                *scan++ = '\0';
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    /* If the last character in the original string was the delimiter, then
     * there is one additional argument. */
    if (*scan || (scan > buf && (scan - 1) == wasdelim)) {
        array[argc++] = scan;
    }
 
    return argc;
}
 
static enum AST_LOCK_RESULT ast_lock_path_lockfile(const char *path)
{
    char *s;
    char *fs;
    int res;
    int fd;
    int lp = strlen(path);
    time_t start;
 
    s = ast_alloca(lp + 10);
    fs = ast_alloca(lp + 20);
 
    snprintf(fs, strlen(path) + 19, "%s/.lock-%08lx", path, (unsigned long)ast_random());
    fd = open(fs, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, AST_FILE_MODE);
    if (fd < 0) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Unable to create lock file '%s': %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
        return AST_LOCK_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
    }
    close(fd);
 
    snprintf(s, strlen(path) + 9, "%s/.lock", path);
    start = time(NULL);
    while (((res = link(fs, s)) < 0) && (errno == EEXIST) && (time(NULL) - start < 5)) {
        sched_yield();
    }
 
    unlink(fs);
 
    if (res) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to lock path '%s': %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
        return AST_LOCK_TIMEOUT;
    } else {
        ast_debug(1, "Locked path '%s'\n", path);
        return AST_LOCK_SUCCESS;
    }
}
 
static int ast_unlock_path_lockfile(const char *path)
{
    char *s;
    int res;
 
    s = ast_alloca(strlen(path) + 10);
 
    snprintf(s, strlen(path) + 9, "%s/%s", path, ".lock");
 
    if ((res = unlink(s))) {
        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Could not unlock path '%s': %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
    } else {
        ast_debug(1, "Unlocked path '%s'\n", path);
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
struct path_lock {
    AST_LIST_ENTRY(path_lock) le;
    int fd;
    char *path;
};
 
static AST_LIST_HEAD_STATIC(path_lock_list, path_lock);
 
static void path_lock_destroy(struct path_lock *obj)
{
    if (obj->fd >= 0) {
        close(obj->fd);
    }
    if (obj->path) {
        ast_free(obj->path);
    }
    ast_free(obj);
}
 
static enum AST_LOCK_RESULT ast_lock_path_flock(const char *path)
{
    char *fs;
    int res;
    int fd;
    time_t start;
    struct path_lock *pl;
    struct stat st, ost;
 
    fs = ast_alloca(strlen(path) + 20);
 
    snprintf(fs, strlen(path) + 19, "%s/lock", path);
    if (lstat(fs, &st) == 0) {
        if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to create lock file "
                    "'%s': it's already a symbolic link\n",
                    fs);
            return AST_LOCK_FAILURE;
        }
        if (st.st_nlink > 1) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to create lock file "
                    "'%s': %u hard links exist\n",
                    fs, (unsigned int) st.st_nlink);
            return AST_LOCK_FAILURE;
        }
    }
    if ((fd = open(fs, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0600)) < 0) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to create lock file '%s': %s\n",
                fs, strerror(errno));
        return AST_LOCK_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
    }
    if (!(pl = ast_calloc(1, sizeof(*pl)))) {
        /* We don't unlink the lock file here, on the possibility that
         * someone else created it - better to leave a little mess
         * than create a big one by destroying someone else's lock
         * and causing something to be corrupted.
         */
        close(fd);
        return AST_LOCK_FAILURE;
    }
    pl->fd = fd;
    pl->path = ast_strdup(path);
 
    time(&start);
    while (
        #ifdef SOLARIS
        ((res = fcntl(pl->fd, F_SETLK, fcntl(pl->fd, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) &&
        #else
        ((res = flock(pl->fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) < 0) &&
        #endif
            (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) &&
            (time(NULL) - start < 5))
        usleep(1000);
    if (res) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to lock path '%s': %s\n",
                path, strerror(errno));
        /* No unlinking of lock done, since we tried and failed to
         * flock() it.
         */
        path_lock_destroy(pl);
        return AST_LOCK_TIMEOUT;
    }
 
    /* Check for the race where the file is recreated or deleted out from
     * underneath us.
     */
    if (lstat(fs, &st) != 0 && fstat(pl->fd, &ost) != 0 &&
            st.st_dev != ost.st_dev &&
            st.st_ino != ost.st_ino) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to create lock file '%s': "
                "file changed underneath us\n", fs);
        path_lock_destroy(pl);
        return AST_LOCK_FAILURE;
    }
 
    /* Success: file created, flocked, and is the one we started with */
    AST_LIST_LOCK(&path_lock_list);
    AST_LIST_INSERT_TAIL(&path_lock_list, pl, le);
    AST_LIST_UNLOCK(&path_lock_list);
 
    ast_debug(1, "Locked path '%s'\n", path);
 
    return AST_LOCK_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int ast_unlock_path_flock(const char *path)
{
    char *s;
    struct path_lock *p;
 
    s = ast_alloca(strlen(path) + 20);
 
    AST_LIST_LOCK(&path_lock_list);
    AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&path_lock_list, p, le) {
        if (!strcmp(p->path, path)) {
            AST_LIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(le);
            break;
        }
    }
    AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END;
    AST_LIST_UNLOCK(&path_lock_list);
 
    if (p) {
        snprintf(s, strlen(path) + 19, "%s/lock", path);
        unlink(s);
        path_lock_destroy(p);
        ast_debug(1, "Unlocked path '%s'\n", path);
    } else {
        ast_debug(1, "Failed to unlock path '%s': "
                "lock not found\n", path);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
void ast_set_lock_type(enum AST_LOCK_TYPE type)
{
    ast_lock_type = type;
}
 
enum AST_LOCK_RESULT ast_lock_path(const char *path)
{
    enum AST_LOCK_RESULT r = AST_LOCK_FAILURE;
 
    switch (ast_lock_type) {
    case AST_LOCK_TYPE_LOCKFILE:
        r = ast_lock_path_lockfile(path);
        break;
    case AST_LOCK_TYPE_FLOCK:
        r = ast_lock_path_flock(path);
        break;
    }
 
    return r;
}
 
int ast_unlock_path(const char *path)
{
    int r = 0;
 
    switch (ast_lock_type) {
    case AST_LOCK_TYPE_LOCKFILE:
        r = ast_unlock_path_lockfile(path);
        break;
    case AST_LOCK_TYPE_FLOCK:
        r = ast_unlock_path_flock(path);
        break;
    }
 
    return r;
}
 
int ast_record_review(struct ast_channel *chan, const char *playfile, const char *recordfile, int maxtime, const char *fmt, int *duration, const char *path)
{
    int silencethreshold;
    int maxsilence = 0;
    int res = 0;
    int cmd = 0;
    int max_attempts = 3;
    int attempts = 0;
    int recorded = 0;
    int message_exists = 0;
    /* Note that urgent and private are for flagging messages as such in the future */
 
    /* barf if no pointer passed to store duration in */
    if (!duration) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Error ast_record_review called without duration pointer\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    cmd = '3';   /* Want to start by recording */
 
    silencethreshold = ast_dsp_get_threshold_from_settings(THRESHOLD_SILENCE);
 
    while ((cmd >= 0) && (cmd != 't')) {
        switch (cmd) {
        case '1':
            if (!message_exists) {
                /* In this case, 1 is to record a message */
                cmd = '3';
                break;
            } else {
                ast_stream_and_wait(chan, "vm-msgsaved", "");
                cmd = 't';
                return res;
            }
        case '2':
            /* Review */
            ast_verb(3, "Reviewing the recording\n");
            cmd = ast_stream_and_wait(chan, recordfile, AST_DIGIT_ANY);
            break;
        case '3':
            message_exists = 0;
            /* Record */
            ast_verb(3, "R%secording\n", recorded == 1 ? "e-r" : "");
            recorded = 1;
            if ((cmd = ast_play_and_record(chan, playfile, recordfile, maxtime, fmt, duration, NULL, silencethreshold, maxsilence, path)) == -1) {
                /* User has hung up, no options to give */
                return cmd;
            }
            if (cmd == '0') {
                break;
            } else if (cmd == '*') {
                break;
            } else {
                /* If all is well, a message exists */
                message_exists = 1;
                cmd = 0;
            }
            break;
        case '4':
        case '5':
        case '6':
        case '7':
        case '8':
        case '9':
        case '*':
        case '#':
            cmd = ast_play_and_wait(chan, "vm-sorry");
            break;
        default:
            if (message_exists) {
                cmd = ast_play_and_wait(chan, "vm-review");
            } else {
                if (!(cmd = ast_play_and_wait(chan, "vm-torerecord"))) {
                    cmd = ast_waitfordigit(chan, 600);
                }
            }
 
            if (!cmd) {
                cmd = ast_waitfordigit(chan, 6000);
            }
            if (!cmd) {
                attempts++;
            }
            if (attempts > max_attempts) {
                cmd = 't';
            }
        }
    }
    if (cmd == 't') {
        cmd = 0;
    }
    return cmd;
}
 
#define RES_UPONE (1 << 16)
#define RES_EXIT  (1 << 17)
#define RES_REPEAT (1 << 18)
#define RES_RESTART ((1 << 19) | RES_REPEAT)
 
static int ast_ivr_menu_run_internal(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_ivr_menu *menu, void *cbdata);
 
static int ivr_dispatch(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_ivr_option *option, char *exten, void *cbdata)
{
    int res;
    int (*ivr_func)(struct ast_channel *, void *);
    char *c;
    char *n;
 
    switch (option->action) {
    case AST_ACTION_UPONE:
        return RES_UPONE;
    case AST_ACTION_EXIT:
        return RES_EXIT | (((unsigned long)(option->adata)) & 0xffff);
    case AST_ACTION_REPEAT:
        return RES_REPEAT | (((unsigned long)(option->adata)) & 0xffff);
    case AST_ACTION_RESTART:
        return RES_RESTART ;
    case AST_ACTION_NOOP:
        return 0;
    case AST_ACTION_BACKGROUND:
        res = ast_stream_and_wait(chan, (char *)option->adata, AST_DIGIT_ANY);
        if (res < 0) {
            ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Unable to find file '%s'!\n", (char *)option->adata);
            res = 0;
        }
        return res;
    case AST_ACTION_PLAYBACK:
        res = ast_stream_and_wait(chan, (char *)option->adata, "");
        if (res < 0) {
            ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Unable to find file '%s'!\n", (char *)option->adata);
            res = 0;
        }
        return res;
    case AST_ACTION_MENU:
        if ((res = ast_ivr_menu_run_internal(chan, (struct ast_ivr_menu *)option->adata, cbdata)) == -2) {
            /* Do not pass entry errors back up, treat as though it was an "UPONE" */
            res = 0;
        }
        return res;
    case AST_ACTION_WAITOPTION:
        if (!(res = ast_waitfordigit(chan, ast_channel_pbx(chan) ? ast_channel_pbx(chan)->rtimeoutms : 10000))) {
            return 't';
        }
        return res;
    case AST_ACTION_CALLBACK:
        ivr_func = option->adata;
        res = ivr_func(chan, cbdata);
        return res;
    case AST_ACTION_TRANSFER:
        res = ast_parseable_goto(chan, option->adata);
        return 0;
    case AST_ACTION_PLAYLIST:
    case AST_ACTION_BACKLIST:
        res = 0;
        c = ast_strdupa(option->adata);
        while ((n = strsep(&c, ";"))) {
            if ((res = ast_stream_and_wait(chan, n,
                    (option->action == AST_ACTION_BACKLIST) ? AST_DIGIT_ANY : ""))) {
                break;
            }
        }
        ast_stopstream(chan);
        return res;
    default:
        ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Unknown dispatch function %u, ignoring!\n", option->action);
        return 0;
    }
    return -1;
}
 
static int option_exists(struct ast_ivr_menu *menu, char *option)
{
    int x;
    for (x = 0; menu->options[x].option; x++) {
        if (!strcasecmp(menu->options[x].option, option)) {
            return x;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
 
static int option_matchmore(struct ast_ivr_menu *menu, char *option)
{
    int x;
    for (x = 0; menu->options[x].option; x++) {
        if ((!strncasecmp(menu->options[x].option, option, strlen(option))) &&
                (menu->options[x].option[strlen(option)])) {
            return x;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
 
static int read_newoption(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_ivr_menu *menu, char *exten, int maxexten)
{
    int res = 0;
    int ms;
    while (option_matchmore(menu, exten)) {
        ms = ast_channel_pbx(chan) ? ast_channel_pbx(chan)->dtimeoutms : 5000;
        if (strlen(exten) >= maxexten - 1) {
            break;
        }
        if ((res = ast_waitfordigit(chan, ms)) < 1) {
            break;
        }
        exten[strlen(exten) + 1] = '\0';
        exten[strlen(exten)] = res;
    }
    return res > 0 ? 0 : res;
}
 
static int ast_ivr_menu_run_internal(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_ivr_menu *menu, void *cbdata)
{
    /* Execute an IVR menu structure */
    int res = 0;
    int pos = 0;
    int retries = 0;
    char exten[AST_MAX_EXTENSION] = "s";
    if (option_exists(menu, "s") < 0) {
        strcpy(exten, "g");
        if (option_exists(menu, "g") < 0) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "No 's' nor 'g' extension in menu '%s'!\n", menu->title);
            return -1;
        }
    }
    while (!res) {
        while (menu->options[pos].option) {
            if (!strcasecmp(menu->options[pos].option, exten)) {
                res = ivr_dispatch(chan, menu->options + pos, exten, cbdata);
                ast_debug(1, "IVR Dispatch of '%s' (pos %d) yields %d\n", exten, pos, res);
                if (res < 0) {
                    break;
                } else if (res & RES_UPONE) {
                    return 0;
                } else if (res & RES_EXIT) {
                    return res;
                } else if (res & RES_REPEAT) {
                    int maxretries = res & 0xffff;
                    if ((res & RES_RESTART) == RES_RESTART) {
                        retries = 0;
                    } else {
                        retries++;
                    }
                    if (!maxretries) {
                        maxretries = 3;
                    }
                    if ((maxretries > 0) && (retries >= maxretries)) {
                        ast_debug(1, "Max retries %d exceeded\n", maxretries);
                        return -2;
                    } else {
                        if (option_exists(menu, "g") > -1) {
                            strcpy(exten, "g");
                        } else if (option_exists(menu, "s") > -1) {
                            strcpy(exten, "s");
                        }
                    }
                    pos = 0;
                    continue;
                } else if (res && strchr(AST_DIGIT_ANY, res)) {
                    ast_debug(1, "Got start of extension, %c\n", res);
                    exten[1] = '\0';
                    exten[0] = res;
                    if ((res = read_newoption(chan, menu, exten, sizeof(exten)))) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (option_exists(menu, exten) < 0) {
                        if (option_exists(menu, "i")) {
                            ast_debug(1, "Invalid extension entered, going to 'i'!\n");
                            strcpy(exten, "i");
                            pos = 0;
                            continue;
                        } else {
                            ast_debug(1, "Aborting on invalid entry, with no 'i' option!\n");
                            res = -2;
                            break;
                        }
                    } else {
                        ast_debug(1, "New existing extension: %s\n", exten);
                        pos = 0;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            pos++;
        }
        ast_debug(1, "Stopping option '%s', res is %d\n", exten, res);
        pos = 0;
        if (!strcasecmp(exten, "s")) {
            strcpy(exten, "g");
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    return res;
}
 
int ast_ivr_menu_run(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_ivr_menu *menu, void *cbdata)
{
    int res = ast_ivr_menu_run_internal(chan, menu, cbdata);
    /* Hide internal coding */
    return res > 0 ? 0 : res;
}
 
char *ast_read_textfile(const char *filename)
{
    int fd, count = 0, res;
    char *output = NULL;
    struct stat filesize;
 
    if (stat(filename, &filesize) == -1) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Error can't stat %s\n", filename);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    count = filesize.st_size + 1;
 
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Cannot open file '%s' for reading: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
        return NULL;
    }
 
    if ((output = ast_malloc(count))) {
        res = read(fd, output, count - 1);
        if (res == count - 1) {
            output[res] = '\0';
        } else {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Short read of %s (%d of %d): %s\n", filename, res, count - 1, strerror(errno));
            ast_free(output);
            output = NULL;
        }
    }
 
    close(fd);
 
    return output;
}
 
static int parse_options(const struct ast_app_option *options, void *_flags, char **args, char *optstr, int flaglen)
{
    char *s, *arg;
    int curarg, res = 0;
    unsigned int argloc;
    struct ast_flags *flags = _flags;
    struct ast_flags64 *flags64 = _flags;
 
    if (flaglen == 32) {
        ast_clear_flag(flags, AST_FLAGS_ALL);
    } else {
        flags64->flags = 0;
    }
 
    if (!optstr) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    s = optstr;
    while (*s) {
        curarg = *s++ & 0x7f;   /* the array (in app.h) has 128 entries */
        argloc = options[curarg].arg_index;
        if (*s == '(') {
            int paren = 1, quote = 0;
            int parsequotes = (s[1] == '"') ? 1 : 0;
 
            /* Has argument */
            arg = ++s;
            for (; *s; s++) {
                if (*s == '(' && !quote) {
                    paren++;
                } else if (*s == ')' && !quote) {
                    /* Count parentheses, unless they're within quotes (or backslashed, below) */
                    paren--;
                } else if (*s == '"' && parsequotes) {
                    /* Leave embedded quotes alone, unless they are the first character */
                    quote = quote ? 0 : 1;
                    ast_copy_string(s, s + 1, INT_MAX);
                    s--;
                } else if (*s == '\\') {
                    if (!quote) {
                        /* If a backslash is found outside of quotes, remove it */
                        ast_copy_string(s, s + 1, INT_MAX);
                    } else if (quote && s[1] == '"') {
                        /* Backslash for a quote character within quotes, remove the backslash */
                        ast_copy_string(s, s + 1, INT_MAX);
                    } else {
                        /* Backslash within quotes, keep both characters */
                        s++;
                    }
                }
 
                if (paren == 0) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            /* This will find the closing paren we found above, or none, if the string ended before we found one. */
            if ((s = strchr(s, ')'))) {
                if (argloc) {
                    args[argloc - 1] = arg;
                }
                *s++ = '\0';
            } else {
                ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Missing closing parenthesis for argument '%c' in string '%s'\n", curarg, arg);
                res = -1;
                break;
            }
        } else if (argloc) {
            args[argloc - 1] = "";
        }
        if (!options[curarg].flag) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unrecognized option: '%c'\n", curarg);
        }
        if (flaglen == 32) {
            ast_set_flag(flags, options[curarg].flag);
        } else {
            ast_set_flag64(flags64, options[curarg].flag);
        }
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
int ast_app_parse_options(const struct ast_app_option *options, struct ast_flags *flags, char **args, char *optstr)
{
    return parse_options(options, flags, args, optstr, 32);
}
 
int ast_app_parse_options64(const struct ast_app_option *options, struct ast_flags64 *flags, char **args, char *optstr)
{
    return parse_options(options, flags, args, optstr, 64);
}
 
void ast_app_options2str64(const struct ast_app_option *options, struct ast_flags64 *flags, char *buf, size_t len)
{
    unsigned int i, found = 0;
    for (i = 32; i < 128 && found < len; i++) {
        if (ast_test_flag64(flags, options[i].flag)) {
            buf[found++] = i;
        }
    }
    buf[found] = '\0';
}
 
int ast_get_encoded_char(const char *stream, char *result, size_t *consumed)
{
    int i;
    *consumed = 1;
    *result = 0;
    if (ast_strlen_zero(stream)) {
        *consumed = 0;
        return -1;
    }
 
    if (*stream == '\\') {
        *consumed = 2;
        switch (*(stream + 1)) {
        case 'n':
            *result = '\n';
            break;
        case 'r':
            *result = '\r';
            break;
        case 't':
            *result = '\t';
            break;
        case 'x':
            /* Hexadecimal */
            if (strchr("0123456789ABCDEFabcdef", *(stream + 2)) && *(stream + 2) != '\0') {
                *consumed = 3;
                if (*(stream + 2) <= '9') {
                    *result = *(stream + 2) - '0';
                } else if (*(stream + 2) <= 'F') {
                    *result = *(stream + 2) - 'A' + 10;
                } else {
                    *result = *(stream + 2) - 'a' + 10;
                }
            } else {
                ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Illegal character '%c' in hexadecimal string\n", *(stream + 2));
                return -1;
            }
 
            if (strchr("0123456789ABCDEFabcdef", *(stream + 3)) && *(stream + 3) != '\0') {
                *consumed = 4;
                *result <<= 4;
                if (*(stream + 3) <= '9') {
                    *result += *(stream + 3) - '0';
                } else if (*(stream + 3) <= 'F') {
                    *result += *(stream + 3) - 'A' + 10;
                } else {
                    *result += *(stream + 3) - 'a' + 10;
                }
            }
            break;
        case '0':
            /* Octal */
            *consumed = 2;
            for (i = 2; ; i++) {
                if (strchr("01234567", *(stream + i)) && *(stream + i) != '\0') {
                    (*consumed)++;
                    ast_debug(5, "result was %d, ", *result);
                    *result <<= 3;
                    *result += *(stream + i) - '0';
                    ast_debug(5, "is now %d\n", *result);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            *result = *(stream + 1);
        }
    } else {
        *result = *stream;
        *consumed = 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
char *ast_get_encoded_str(const char *stream, char *result, size_t result_size)
{
    char *cur = result;
    size_t consumed;
 
    while (cur < result + result_size - 1 && !ast_get_encoded_char(stream, cur, &consumed)) {
        cur++;
        stream += consumed;
    }
    *cur = '\0';
    return result;
}
 
int ast_str_get_encoded_str(struct ast_str **str, int maxlen, const char *stream)
{
    char next, *buf;
    size_t offset = 0;
    size_t consumed;
 
    if (strchr(stream, '\\')) {
        while (!ast_get_encoded_char(stream, &next, &consumed)) {
            if (offset + 2 > ast_str_size(*str) && maxlen > -1) {
                ast_str_make_space(str, maxlen > 0 ? maxlen : (ast_str_size(*str) + 48) * 2 - 48);
            }
            if (offset + 2 > ast_str_size(*str)) {
                break;
            }
            buf = ast_str_buffer(*str);
            buf[offset++] = next;
            stream += consumed;
        }
        buf = ast_str_buffer(*str);
        buf[offset++] = '\0';
        ast_str_update(*str);
    } else {
        ast_str_set(str, maxlen, "%s", stream);
    }
    return 0;
}
 
void ast_close_fds_above_n(int n)
{
    closefrom(n + 1);
}
 
int ast_safe_fork(int stop_reaper)
{
    sigset_t signal_set, old_set;
    int pid;
 
    /* Don't let the default signal handler for children reap our status */
    if (stop_reaper) {
        ast_replace_sigchld();
    }
 
    /* GCC 4.9 gives a bogus "right-hand operand of comma expression has
     * no effect" warning */
    (void) sigfillset(&signal_set);
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &signal_set, &old_set);
 
    pid = fork();
 
    if (pid != 0) {
        /* Fork failed or parent */
        pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_set, NULL);
        if (!stop_reaper && pid > 0) {
            struct zombie *cur = ast_calloc(1, sizeof(*cur));
            if (cur) {
                cur->pid = pid;
                AST_LIST_LOCK(&zombies);
                AST_LIST_INSERT_TAIL(&zombies, cur, list);
                AST_LIST_UNLOCK(&zombies);
                if (shaun_of_the_dead_thread == AST_PTHREADT_NULL) {
                    if (ast_pthread_create_background(&shaun_of_the_dead_thread, NULL, shaun_of_the_dead, NULL)) {
                        ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Shaun of the Dead wants to kill zombies, but can't?!!\n");
                        shaun_of_the_dead_thread = AST_PTHREADT_NULL;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return pid;
    } else {
        /* Child */
#ifdef HAVE_CAP
        cap_set_proc(child_cap);
#endif
 
        /* Before we unblock our signals, return our trapped signals back to the defaults */
        signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGURG, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGXFSZ, SIG_DFL);
 
        /* unblock important signal handlers */
        if (pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &signal_set, NULL)) {
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "unable to unblock signals: %s\n", strerror(errno));
            _exit(1);
        }
 
        return pid;
    }
}
 
void ast_safe_fork_cleanup(void)
{
    ast_unreplace_sigchld();
}
 
int ast_app_parse_timelen(const char *timestr, int *result, enum ast_timelen unit)
{
    int res;
    char u[10];
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE_WIDER
    long double amount;
    #define FMT "%30Lf%9s"
#else
    double amount;
    #define FMT "%30lf%9s"
#endif
    if (!timestr) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    res = sscanf(timestr, FMT, &amount, u);
 
    if (res == 0 || res == EOF) {
#undef FMT
        return -1;
    } else if (res == 2) {
        switch (u[0]) {
        case 'h':
        case 'H':
            unit = TIMELEN_HOURS;
            if (u[1] != '\0') {
                return -1;
            }
            break;
        case 's':
        case 'S':
            unit = TIMELEN_SECONDS;
            if (u[1] != '\0') {
                return -1;
            }
            break;
        case 'm':
        case 'M':
            if (toupper(u[1]) == 'S') {
                unit = TIMELEN_MILLISECONDS;
                if (u[2] != '\0') {
                    return -1;
                }
            } else if (u[1] == '\0') {
                unit = TIMELEN_MINUTES;
            } else {
                return -1;
            }
            break;
        default:
            return -1;
        }
    }
 
    switch (unit) {
    case TIMELEN_HOURS:
        amount *= 60;
        /* fall-through */
    case TIMELEN_MINUTES:
        amount *= 60;
        /* fall-through */
    case TIMELEN_SECONDS:
        amount *= 1000;
        /* fall-through */
    case TIMELEN_MILLISECONDS:
        ;
    }
    *result = amount > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : (int) amount;
    return 0;
}
 
struct stasis_topic *ast_queue_topic_all(void)
{
    return queue_topic_all;
}
 
struct stasis_topic *ast_queue_topic(const char *queuename)
{
    return stasis_topic_pool_get_topic(queue_topic_pool, queuename);
}
 
static void app_cleanup(void)
{
#ifdef HAS_CAP
    cap_free(child_cap);
#endif
    ao2_cleanup(queue_topic_pool);
    queue_topic_pool = NULL;
    ao2_cleanup(queue_topic_all);
    queue_topic_all = NULL;
}
 
int app_init(void)
{
    ast_register_cleanup(app_cleanup);
#ifdef HAVE_CAP
    child_cap = cap_from_text("cap_net_admin-eip");
#endif
    queue_topic_all = stasis_topic_create("queue:all");
    if (!queue_topic_all) {
        return -1;
    }
    queue_topic_pool = stasis_topic_pool_create(queue_topic_all);
    if (!queue_topic_pool) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}